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Progressive rock

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the radio format, see <a href="Progressive_rock_(radio_format)" title="Progressive rock (radio format)">Progressive rock (radio format)</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Classical rock" redirects here. For "classic rock" as a radio format, see <a href="Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">classic rock</a>. For other uses, see <a href="Classic_Rock_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Classic Rock (disambiguation)">Classic Rock (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Progressive rock</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">

<li>classical rock</li>

<li>symphonic rock</li></ul>

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">

<li><a href="Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">psychedelia</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">progressive music</a></li>

<li><a href="Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a></li></ul>

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Mid to late 1960s, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li>

<li><a href="New-age_music" title="New-age music">new-age music</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan199722,_140-2">[2]</a></li>

<li><a href="Occult_rock" title="Occult rock">occult rock</a><a href="#cite_note-Paperlate-3">[3]</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_pop#Symphonic_pop" title="Progressive pop">symphonic pop</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997187-5">[5]</a></li>

<li><a href="Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">synth-pop</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li></ul>

</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Canterbury_scene" title="Canterbury scene">Canterbury scene</a><a href="#cite_note-AllMusicAvantProg-7">[7]</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition">Rock in Opposition</a><a href="#cite_note-AllMusicAvantProg-7">[7]</a></li></ul>

</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Avant-prog" title="Avant-prog">Avant-prog</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">progressive metal</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_soul" title="Progressive soul">progressive soul</a></li></ul>

</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">arena rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_music" title="Art music">art music</a></li>

<li><a href="Concept_album" title="Concept album">concept album</a></li>

<li><a href="Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">experimental rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">post-progressive</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_country" title="Progressive country">progressive country</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">progressive folk</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">progressive pop</a></li>

<li><a href="Proto-prog" title="Proto-prog">proto-prog</a></li>

<li><a href="Recording_studio_as_an_instrument" title="Recording studio as an instrument">recording studio as an instrument</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">rock opera</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_rock" title="Space rock">space rock</a></li></ul>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

Progressive rock (shortened as prog rock or simply prog) is a broad <a href="Music_genre" title="Music genre">genre</a> of <a href="Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin199871–75-9">[9]</a> that primarily developed in the United Kingdom through the mid- to late 1960s, peaking in the early-to-mid-1970s.<a href="#cite_note-AMProg-10">[10]</a> Initially termed "<a href="Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">progressive pop</a>", the style emerged from <a href="Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">psychedelic</a> bands who abandoned standard <a href="Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a> or <a href="Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> traditions in favour of <a href="Instrumentation_(music)" title="Instrumentation (music)">instrumental</a> and <a href="Composition_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Composition (music)">compositional</a> techniques more commonly associated with <a href="Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a>, or <a href="Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a>, while retaining the instrumentation typical of rock music. Additional elements contributed to its "<a href="Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">progressive</a>" label: lyrics were more poetic, technology was harnessed for new sounds, music approached the condition of "<a href="Art_music" title="Art music">art</a>", and the studio, rather than the stage, <a href="Recording_studio_as_an_instrument" title="Recording studio as an instrument">became the focus of musical activity</a>, which often involved creating music for listening rather than dancing.

Progressive rock includes a fusion of styles, approaches and genres, and tends to be diverse and <a href="Eclecticism_in_music" title="Eclecticism in music">eclectic</a>. Progressive rock is often associated with long solos, extended pieces, fantastic lyrics, grandiose stage sets and costumes, and an obsessive dedication to technical skill. While the genre is often cited for its merging of <a href="High_culture" title="High culture">high culture</a> and <a href="Low_culture" title="Low culture">low culture</a>, few artists incorporated classical themes in their work to a significant degree, and only a handful of groups, such as <a href="Emerson%2C_Lake_%26_Palmer" title="Emerson, Lake & Palmer">Emerson, Lake & Palmer</a> and <a href="Renaissance_(band)" title="Renaissance (band)">Renaissance</a>, intentionally emulated or referenced classical music.

In the early-to-mid-1970s, progressive rock groups such as <a href="Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a> and <a href="Yes_(band)" title="Yes (band)">Yes</a> experienced great worldwide success; in the late 1970s, it declined in popularity, and has never fully recovered.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell20111-11">[11]</a> <a href="Conventional_wisdom" title="Conventional wisdom">Conventional wisdom</a> holds that the rise of <a href="Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> caused this, but several more factors contributed to the decline.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell20111-11">[11]</a> Music critics, who often labelled the style of progressive rock as "pretentious" and the sounds as "pompous" and "overblown", tended to be hostile towards the genre or to completely ignore it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELucky20007-12">[12]</a> After the late 1970s, progressive rock fragmented into numerous forms. Some bands achieved commercial success well into the 1980s (albeit with changed lineups and more compact song structures) or crossed into <a href="Symphonic_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphonic pop">symphonic pop</a>, <a href="Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">arena rock</a>, or <a href="New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a>.

Early groups who exhibited progressive features are retroactively described as "<a href="Proto-prog" title="Proto-prog">proto-prog</a>". The <a href="Canterbury_scene" title="Canterbury scene">Canterbury scene</a>, originating in the late 1960s, denotes a subset of progressive rock bands who emphasised the use of <a href="Wind_instrument" title="Wind instrument">wind instruments</a>, complex chord changes and long improvisations. <a href="Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition">Rock in Opposition</a>, from the late 1970s, was more <a href="Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a>, and when combined with the Canterbury style, created <a href="Avant-prog" title="Avant-prog">avant-prog</a>. In the 1980s, a new subgenre, <a href="Neo-prog" title="Neo-prog">neo-prog</a>, enjoyed some commercial success, although it was also accused of being derivative and lacking in innovation. <a href="Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a> draws upon newer developments in popular music and the avant-garde since the mid-1970s.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_and_characteristics">Definition and characteristics</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scope_and_related_terms">Scope and related terms</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">Progressive pop</a> and <a href="Art_rock" title="Art rock">Art rock</a></div>

The term "progressive rock" is synonymous with "<a href="Art_rock" title="Art rock">art rock</a>", "classical rock" (not to be confused with <a href="Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">classic rock</a>), and "symphonic rock".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECovach19975-13">[13]</a> Historically, "art rock" has been used to describe at least two related, but distinct, types of rock music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBannister200737-14">[14]</a> The first is progressive rock as it is generally understood, while the second usage refers to groups who rejected <a href="Psychedelia" title="Psychedelia">psychedelia</a> and the <a href="Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">hippie counterculture</a> in favour of a <a href="Modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist">modernist</a>, <a href="Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> approach.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBannister200737-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[nb 1]</a> Similarities between the two terms are that they both describe a mostly British attempt to elevate rock music to new levels of artistic credibility. However, art rock is more likely to have experimental or avant-garde influences.<a href="#cite_note-AMProg-10">[10]</a> "Prog" was devised in the 1990s<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson2017223-17">[16]</a> as a shorthand term, but later became a transferable adjective, also suggesting a wider palette than that drawn on by the most popular 1970s bands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell20119-18">[17]</a>

Progressive rock is varied and is based on fusions of styles, approaches, and genres, tapping into broader cultural resonances that connect to avant-garde art, <a href="Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> and <a href="Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a>, performance and the moving image.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201113-19">[18]</a> Although a unidirectional English "progressive" style emerged in the late 1960s, by 1967, progressive rock had come to constitute a diversity of loosely associated style codes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotner200090-20">[19]</a> When the "progressive" label arrived, the music was dubbed "<a href="Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">progressive pop</a>" before it was called "progressive rock",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore200422-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[nb 2]</a> with the term "progressive" referring to the wide range of attempts to break with standard pop music formula.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaworthSmith1975126-24">[22]</a> A number of additional factors contributed to the acquired "progressive" label: lyrics were more poetic; technology was harnessed for new sounds; music approached the condition of "art"; some harmonic language was imported from jazz and <a href="Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">19th-century classical music</a>; <a href="Album_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Album Era">the album format overtook singles</a>; and the studio, rather than the stage, became the focus of musical activity, which often involved creating music for listening, not dancing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016201–202-25">[23]</a>

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One of the best ways to define progressive rock is that it is a heterogeneous and troublesome genre – a formulation that becomes clear the moment we leave behind characterizations based only on the most visible bands of the early to mid-1970s

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<div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">– <a href="Paul_Hegarty_(musician)" title="Paul Hegarty (musician)">Paul Hegarty</a> and Martin Halliwell<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201113-19">[18]</a></cite></div>

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Critics of the genre often limit its scope to a stereotype of long solos, overlong albums, fantasy lyrics, grandiose stage sets and costumes, and an obsessive dedication to technical skill.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell20112-26">[24]</a> While progressive rock is often cited for its merging of high culture and low culture, few artists incorporated literal classical themes in their work to any great degree,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201316,_85–87-27">[25]</a> and only a handful of groups purposely emulated or referenced classical music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201113-19">[18]</a> Writer Emily Robinson says that the narrowed definition of "progressive rock" was a measure against the term's loose application in the late 1960s, when it was "applied to everyone from <a href="Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> to <a href="The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a>". Debate over the genre's criterion continued to the 2010s, particularly on <a href="Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">Internet forums</a> dedicated to prog.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson2017223-17">[16]</a>

According to musicologists <a href="Paul_Hegarty_(musician)" title="Paul Hegarty (musician)">Paul Hegarty</a> and Martin Halliwell, <a href="Bill_Martin_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Martin (philosophy)">Bill Martin</a> and Edward Macan authored major books about progressive rock while "effectively accept[ing] the characterization of progressive rock offered by its critics. ... they each do so largely unconsciously."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell20112-26">[24]</a> Academic John S. Cotner contests Macan's view that progressive rock cannot exist without the continuous and overt assimilation of classical music into rock.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotner200090-20">[19]</a> Author Kevin Holm-Hudson agrees that "progressive rock is a style far more diverse than what is heard from its mainstream groups and what is implied by unsympathetic critics."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201316-28">[26]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relation_to_art_and_social_theories">Relation to art and social theories</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Formalism_(music)" title="Formalism (music)">Formalism (music)</a> and <a href="Eclecticism_in_music" title="Eclecticism in music">Eclecticism in music</a></div>

In early references to the music, "progressive" was partly related to <a href="Progressive_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive politics">progressive politics</a>, but those connotations were lost during the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson2017223-17">[16]</a> On "progressive music", Holm-Hudson writes that it "moves continuously between explicit and implicit references to genres and strategies derived not only from European art music, but other cultural domains (such as East Indian, Celtic, folk, and African) and hence involves a continuous aesthetic movement between <a href="Formalism_(art)" title="Formalism (art)">formalism</a> and <a href="Eclecticism_in_music" title="Eclecticism in music">eclecticism</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385–87-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[nb 3]</a> Cotner also says that progressive rock incorporates both formal and eclectic elements, "It consists of a combination of factors – some of them intramusical ('within'), others extramusical or social ('without')."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotner200091-32">[29]</a>

One way of conceptualising <a href="Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> in relation to "progressive music" is that progressive music pushed the genre into greater complexity while retracing the roots of romantic and classical music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis2014204,_219-33">[30]</a> Sociologist <a href="Paul_Willis" title="Paul Willis">Paul Willis</a> believes: "We must never be in doubt that 'progressive' music followed rock 'n' roll, and that it could not have been any other way. We can see rock 'n' roll as a deconstruction and 'progressive' music as a reconstruction."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis2014219-34">[31]</a> Author Will Romano states that "rock itself can be interpreted as a progressive idea ... Ironically, and quite paradoxically, 'progressive rock', the classic era of the late 1960s through the mid- and late 1970s, introduces not only the explosive and exploratory sounds of technology ... but traditional music forms (classical and European folk) and (often) a pastiche compositional style and artificial constructs (<a href="Concept_album" title="Concept album">concept albums</a>) which suggests <a href="Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">postmodernism</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomano201024-35">[32]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_synthesizers">Use of synthesizers</h3></div>

<a href="Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizers</a> have a long history in the creation of progressive rock, beginning with the perhaps most well known early electronic instrument, the <a href="Theremin" title="Theremin">Theremin</a>. Sythesizers rose in stature in the 1960s and 1970s as groups like <a href="Emerson%2C_Lake_%26_Palmer" title="Emerson, Lake & Palmer">Emerson, Lake & Palmer</a>, <a href="Genesis_(band)" title="Genesis (band)">Genesis</a> and <a href="Yes_(band)" title="Yes (band)">Yes</a> incoroprated synthesizers as part of their music.<a href="#cite_note-CR-36">[33]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="Timeline_of_progressive_rock" title="Timeline of progressive rock">Timeline of progressive rock</a>.</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1966–1970:_Origins">1966–1970: Origins</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on the origins of progressive rock from the perspective of its early synonyms: <a href="Progressive_pop#Origins" title="Progressive pop">Progressive pop § Origins</a>, and <a href="Art_rock#Origins" title="Art rock">Art rock § Origins</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Background_and_roots">Background and roots</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Progressive_jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive jazz">Progressive jazz</a></div>

In 1966, the level of social and artistic correspondence among British and American rock musicians dramatically accelerated for bands like <a href="The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>, <a href="The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">the Beach Boys</a> and <a href="The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">the Byrds</a> who fused elements of <a href="Cultivated_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultivated music">cultivated music</a> with the <a href="Vernacular_music" title="Vernacular music">vernacular traditions</a> of rock.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385-37">[34]</a> Progressive rock was predicated on the "progressive" pop groups from the 1960s who combined rock and roll with various other music styles such as Indian <a href="Raga" title="Raga">ragas</a>, <a href="Music_of_Asia" title="Music of Asia">oriental</a> melodies and <a href="Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chants</a>, like the Beatles and <a href="The_Yardbirds" title="The Yardbirds">the Yardbirds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrownNewquist199778-38">[35]</a> The Beatles' <a href="Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> said in 1967: "we [the band] got a bit bored with 12 bars all the time, so we tried to get into something else. Then came Dylan, <a href="The_Who" title="The Who">the Who</a>, and the Beach Boys. ... We're all trying to do vaguely the same kind of thing."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilo2014119-39">[36]</a> Rock music started to take itself seriously, paralleling earlier movements in jazz (such as how <a href="Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing</a> gave way to <a href="Bebop" title="Bebop">bop</a>, a shift appealing to smaller but devoted audiences). In this period, the <a href="Popular_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular song">popular song</a> began signalling a new possible means of expression that went beyond the three-minute <a href="Love_song" title="Love song">love song</a>, leading to an intersection between the "underground" and the "establishment" for listening publics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016201-40">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[nb 4]</a>

Hegarty and Halliwell identify the Beatles, the Beach Boys, <a href="The_Doors" title="The Doors">the Doors</a>, <a href="The_Pretty_Things" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pretty Things">the Pretty Things</a>, <a href="The_Zombies" title="The Zombies">the Zombies</a>, <a href="The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">the Byrds</a>, <a href="The_Grateful_Dead" class="mw-redirect" title="The Grateful Dead">the Grateful Dead</a> and <a href="Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a> "not merely as precursors of progressive rock but as essential developments of progressiveness in its early days".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201111-43">[39]</a> According to musicologist <a href="Walter_Everett_(musicologist)" title="Walter Everett (musicologist)">Walter Everett</a>, the Beatles' "experimental timbres, rhythms, tonal structures, and poetic texts" on their albums <a href="Rubber_Soul" title="Rubber Soul">Rubber Soul</a> (1965) and <a href="Revolver_(Beatles_album)" title="Revolver (Beatles album)">Revolver</a> (1966) "encouraged a legion of young bands that were to create progressive rock in the early 1970s".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEverett199995-44">[40]</a> Dylan's poetry, <a href="The_Mothers_of_Invention" title="The Mothers of Invention">the Mothers of Invention</a>'s album <a href="Freak_Out!" title="Freak Out!">Freak Out!</a> (1966) and the Beatles' <a href="Sgt._Pepper's_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a> (1967) were all important in progressive rock's development.<a href="#cite_note-AMProg-10">[10]</a> The productions of <a href="Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a> were key influences,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin199847-45">[41]</a> as they introduced the possibility of using the recording studio to create music that otherwise could never be achieved.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETamm199529-46">[42]</a> The same is said for the Beach Boys' <a href="Pet_Sounds" title="Pet Sounds">Pet Sounds</a> (1966), which <a href="Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a> intended as an answer to Rubber Soul<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a> and which in turn influenced the Beatles when they made Sgt. Pepper.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin199853-48">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotner200130-49">[45]</a>

Dylan introduced a literary element to rock through his fascination with the <a href="Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealists</a> and the <a href="Symbolism_(movement)" title="Symbolism (movement)">French Symbolists</a>, and his immersion in the New York City art scene of the early 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurtis1987156-7-50">[46]</a> The trend of bands with names drawn from literature, such as <a href="The_Doors" title="The Doors">the Doors</a>, <a href="Steppenwolf_(band)" title="Steppenwolf (band)">Steppenwolf</a> and <a href="The_Ides_of_March_(band)" title="The Ides of March (band)">the Ides of March</a>, were a further sign of rock music aligning itself with high culture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurtis1987179-51">[47]</a> Dylan also led the way in blending rock with folk music styles. This was followed by folk rock groups such as the Byrds, who based their initial sound on that of the Beatles.<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> In turn, the Byrds' vocal harmonies inspired those of <a href="Yes_(band)" title="Yes (band)">Yes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin19964-53">[49]</a> and <a href="British_folk_rock" title="British folk rock">British folk rock</a> bands like <a href="Fairport_Convention" title="Fairport Convention">Fairport Convention</a>, who emphasised instrumental virtuosity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201154–55-54">[50]</a> Some of these artists, such as <a href="The_Incredible_String_Band" title="The Incredible String Band">the Incredible String Band</a> and <a href="Shirley_Collins" title="Shirley Collins">Shirley</a> and <a href="Dolly_Collins" title="Dolly Collins">Dolly Collins</a>, would prove influential through their use of instruments borrowed from world music and <a href="Early_music" title="Early music">early music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweers200472,204-55">[51]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pet_Sounds_and_Sgt._Pepper">Pet Sounds and Sgt. Pepper</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="Pet_Sounds" title="Pet Sounds">Pet Sounds</a> and <a href="Sgt._Pepper's_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></div>

Many groups and musicians played important roles in this development process, but none more than <a href="The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">the Beach Boys</a> and <a href="The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> ... [They] brought expansions in <a href="Harmony" title="Harmony">harmony</a>, <a href="Arrangement" title="Arrangement">instrumentation</a> (and therefore <a href="Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</a>), <a href="Duration_(music)" title="Duration (music)">duration</a>, <a href="Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a>, and the use of <a href="History_of_multitrack_recording" title="History of multitrack recording">recording technology</a>. Of these elements, the first and last were the most important in clearing a pathway toward the development of progressive rock.

</blockquote>

<div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">– Bill Martin<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin199839-56">[52]</a></cite></div>

</div>

Pet Sounds and Sgt. Pepper, with their lyrical unity, extended structure, complexity, eclecticism, experimentalism, and influences derived from classical music forms, are largely viewed as beginnings in the progressive rock genre<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan199715,20-57">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin199839–40-58">[54]</a> and as turning points wherein rock, which previously had been considered dance music, became music that was made for listening to.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECovach19973-59">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin199839-56">[52]</a> Between Pet Sounds and Sgt. Pepper, the Beach Boys released the single "<a href="Good_Vibrations" title="Good Vibrations">Good Vibrations</a>" (1966), dubbed a "<a href="Pocket_symphony" title="Pocket symphony">pocket symphony</a>" by <a href="Derek_Taylor" title="Derek Taylor">Derek Taylor</a>, the band's publicist. The song contained an eclectic array of exotic instruments and several disjunctive key and modal shifts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBooneCovach199741–46-60">[56]</a> Scott Interrante of <a href="Popmatters" class="mw-redirect" title="Popmatters">Popmatters</a> wrote that its influence on progressive rock and the psychedelic movement "can't be overstated".<a href="#cite_note-61">[57]</a> Martin likened the song to the Beatles' "<a href="A_Day_in_the_Life" title="A Day in the Life">A Day in the Life</a>" from Sgt. Pepper, in that they showcase "the same reasons why much progressive rock is difficult to dance to".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin199840-62">[58]</a>

Although Sgt. Pepper was preceded by several albums that had begun to bridge the line between "disposable" pop and "serious" rock, it successfully gave an established "commercial" voice to an alternative youth culture<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson200810-63">[59]</a> and marked the point at which the <a href="LP_record" title="LP record">LP record</a> emerged as a creative format whose importance was equal to or greater than that of the single.<a href="#cite_note-pirenne1-64">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[nb 5]</a> <a href="Bill_Bruford" title="Bill Bruford">Bill Bruford</a>, a veteran of several progressive rock bands, said that Sgt. Pepper transformed both musicians' ideas of what was possible and audiences' ideas of what was acceptable in music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeigel2012b-67">[62]</a> He believed that: "Without the Beatles, or someone else who had done what the Beatles did, it is fair to assume that there would have been no progressive rock."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruford2012159-68">[63]</a> In the aftermath of Sgt. Pepper, magazines such as <a href="Melody_Maker" title="Melody Maker">Melody Maker</a> drew a sharp line between "pop" and "rock". Americans increasingly used the adjective "progressive" for groups like <a href="Jethro_Tull_(band)" title="Jethro Tull (band)">Jethro Tull</a>, <a href="Family_(band)" title="Family (band)">Family</a>, <a href="East_of_Eden_(British_band)" title="East of Eden (British band)">East of Eden</a>, <a href="Van_der_Graaf_Generator" title="Van der Graaf Generator">Van der Graaf Generator</a> and <a href="King_Crimson" title="King Crimson">King Crimson</a>.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2016)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZoppo2014[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2016]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2016)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-69">[64]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proto-prog_and_psychedelia">Proto-prog and psychedelia</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="Proto-prog" title="Proto-prog">Proto-prog</a>, <a href="Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic rock</a>, and <a href="Acid_rock" title="Acid rock">Acid rock</a></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">Rock opera</a> and <a href="Canterbury_scene" title="Canterbury scene">Canterbury scene</a></div>

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According to <a href="AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>: "Prog-rock began to emerge out of the British psychedelic scene in 1967, specifically a strain of classical/symphonic rock led by <a href="The_Nice" title="The Nice">the Nice</a>, <a href="Procol_Harum" title="Procol Harum">Procol Harum</a>, and <a href="The_Moody_Blues" title="The Moody Blues">the Moody Blues</a> (<a href="Days_of_Future_Passed" title="Days of Future Passed">Days of Future Passed</a>)."<a href="#cite_note-AMProg-10">[10]</a> The availability of newly affordable recording equipment coincided with the rise of a London <a href="Underground_(British_subculture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground (British subculture)">underground</a> scene at which the psychedelic drug LSD was commonly used. Pink Floyd and <a href="Soft_Machine" title="Soft Machine">Soft Machine</a> functioned as <a href="House_band" title="House band">house bands</a> at all-night events at locations such as <a href="Middle_Earth_(club)" title="Middle Earth (club)">Middle Earth</a> and the <a href="UFO_Club" title="UFO Club">UFO Club</a>, where they experimented with sound textures and long-form songs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweers2004114–15-70">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[nb 6]</a> Many psychedelic, folk rock and early progressive bands were aided by exposure from <a href="BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a> DJ <a href="John_Peel" title="John Peel">John Peel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweers2004119-74">[68]</a> <a href="Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a>, who rose to prominence in the London scene and recorded with a band of English musicians, initiated the trend towards guitar virtuosity and eccentricity in rock music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1998164–65-75">[69]</a> The Scottish band 1-2-3, later renamed <a href="Clouds_(60s_rock_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clouds (60s rock band)">Clouds</a>, were formed in 1966 and began performing at London clubs a year later. According to Mojo's George Knemeyer: "some claim [that they] had a vital influence on prog-rockers such as Yes, The Nice and Family."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHogg1994-76">[70]</a>

Symphonic rock artists in the late 1960s had some chart success, including the singles "<a href="Nights_in_White_Satin" title="Nights in White Satin">Nights in White Satin</a>" (the Moody Blues, 1967) and "<a href="A_Whiter_Shade_of_Pale" title="A Whiter Shade of Pale">A Whiter Shade of Pale</a>" (Procol Harum, 1967).<a href="#cite_note-FowlesWade2012-77">[71]</a> The Moody Blues established the popularity of symphonic rock when they recorded Days of Future Passed together with the <a href="London_Festival_Orchestra" title="London Festival Orchestra">London Festival Orchestra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan199721–22-78">[72]</a> Classical influences sometimes took the form of pieces adapted from or inspired by classical works, such as <a href="Jeff_Beck" title="Jeff Beck">Jeff Beck</a>'s <a href="Beck's_Bolero" title="Beck's Bolero">Beck's Bolero</a>, <a href="Love_Sculpture" title="Love Sculpture">Love Sculpture</a>'s<a href="#cite_note-79">[73]</a> <a href="L'Arl%C3%A9sienne_(Bizet)" title="L'Arlésienne (Bizet)">Farandole (Arlésienne Suite No 2. Movement 4)</a> and parts of the Nice's <a href="Ars_Longa_Vita_Brevis_(album)" title="Ars Longa Vita Brevis (album)">Ars Longa Vita Brevis</a>. The latter, along with such tracks as "<a href="Blue_Rondo_%C3%A0_la_Turk" title="Blue Rondo à la Turk">Rondo</a>" and "<a href="America_(West_Side_Story_song)" title="America (West Side Story song)">America</a>", reflect a greater interest in music that is entirely instrumental. Sgt. Pepper's and Days both represent a growing tendency towards <a href="Song_cycle" title="Song cycle">song cycles</a> and suites made up of multiple <a href="Movement_(music)" title="Movement (music)">movements</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan199721–22-78">[72]</a>

<a href="Focus_(band)" title="Focus (band)">Focus</a> incorporated and articulated jazz-style chords, and irregular off-beat drumming into their later rock-based riffs, and several bands that included jazz-style <a href="Horn_section" title="Horn section">horn sections</a> appeared, including <a href="Blood%2C_Sweat_%26_Tears" title="Blood, Sweat & Tears">Blood, Sweat & Tears</a> and <a href="Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a>. Of these, Martin highlights Chicago in particular for their experimentation with suites and extended compositions, such as the "<a href="Ballet_for_a_Girl_in_Buchannon" title="Ballet for a Girl in Buchannon">Ballet for a Girl in Buchannon</a>" on <a href="Chicago_(album)" title="Chicago (album)">Chicago II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1998163–164-80">[74]</a> Jazz influences appeared in the music of British bands such as <a href="Traffic_(band)" title="Traffic (band)">Traffic</a>, <a href="Colosseum_(band)" title="Colosseum (band)">Colosseum</a> and <a href="If_(band)" title="If (band)">If</a>, together with <a href="Canterbury_scene" title="Canterbury scene">Canterbury scene</a> bands such as <a href="Soft_Machine" title="Soft Machine">Soft Machine</a> and <a href="Caravan_(band)" title="Caravan (band)">Caravan</a>. Canterbury scene bands emphasised the use of wind instruments, complex chord changes and long improvisations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan199720-81">[75]</a> Martin writes that in 1968, "full-blown progressive rock" was not yet in existence; however, albums were released by three bands who would later come to the forefront of the music: Jethro Tull, Caravan and Soft Machine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1998168-82">[76]</a>

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The term "progressive rock", which appeared in the liner notes of Caravan's 1968 <a href="Caravan_(Caravan_album)" title="Caravan (Caravan album)">self-titled debut LP</a>, came to be applied to bands that used classical music techniques to expand the styles and concepts available to rock music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan199726-84">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowman2001184-85">[79]</a> The Nice, the Moody Blues, Procol Harum and Pink Floyd all contained elements of what is now called progressive rock, but none represented as complete an example of the genre as several bands that formed soon after.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan199722–23-86">[80]</a> Almost all of the genre's major bands, including Jethro Tull, King Crimson, Yes, <a href="Genesis_(band)" title="Genesis (band)">Genesis</a>, <a href="Van_der_Graaf_Generator" title="Van der Graaf Generator">Van der Graaf Generator</a>, <a href="Emerson%2C_Lake_%26_Palmer" title="Emerson, Lake & Palmer">ELP</a>, <a href="Gentle_Giant" title="Gentle Giant">Gentle Giant</a>, <a href="Barclay_James_Harvest" title="Barclay James Harvest">Barclay James Harvest</a> and <a href="Renaissance_(band)" title="Renaissance (band)">Renaissance</a>, released their debut albums during the years 1968–1970. Most of these were folk-rock albums that gave little indication of what the bands' mature sound would become, but King Crimson's <a href="In_the_Court_of_the_Crimson_King" title="In the Court of the Crimson King">In the Court of the Crimson King</a> (1969) and Yes' <a href="Yes_(Yes_album)" title="Yes (Yes album)">self-titled debut album</a> (1969) were early, fully formed examples of the genre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan199723-83">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[nb 7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peak_years_(1971–1976)">Peak years (1971–1976)</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></div>

Most of the genre's major bands released their most critically acclaimed albums during the years 1971–1976.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan199727-89">[82]</a> The genre experienced a high degree of commercial success during the early 1970s. Between them, the bands Jethro Tull, <a href="Emerson%2C_Lake_%26_Palmer" title="Emerson, Lake & Palmer">ELP</a>, <a href="The_Moody_Blues" title="The Moody Blues">the Moody Blues</a>, Yes, and Pink Floyd had five albums that reached number one in the US charts, and sixteen that reached the top ten.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan199728-90">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[nb 8]</a> <a href="Mike_Oldfield" title="Mike Oldfield">Mike Oldfield</a>'s <a href="Tubular_Bells" title="Tubular Bells">Tubular Bells</a> (1973), an excerpt of which was used as the theme for the film <a href="The_Exorcist_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Exorcist (film)">The Exorcist</a>, sold 16 million copies.<a href="#cite_note-96">[88]</a>

Progressive rock came to be appreciated overseas, but it mostly remained a European, and especially British, phenomenon. Few American bands engaged in it, and the purest representatives of the genre, such as <a href="Starcastle" title="Starcastle">Starcastle</a> and <a href="Happy_the_Man" title="Happy the Man">Happy the Man</a>, remained limited to their own geographic regions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997185-6-97">[89]</a> This is at least in part due to music industry differences between the US and Great Britain.<a href="#cite_note-pirenne1-64">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[nb 9]</a> Cultural factors were also involved, as US musicians tended to come from a blues background, while Europeans tended to have a foundation in classical music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurtis1987286-101">[92]</a>

North American progressive rock bands and artists often represented hybrid styles such as the complex arrangements of <a href="Utopia_(band)" title="Utopia (band)">Todd Rundgren's Utopia</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[93]</a> and <a href="Rush_(band)" title="Rush (band)">Rush</a>, the eclectic psychedelia of <a href="Spirit_(band)" title="Spirit (band)">Spirit</a>,<a href="#cite_note-103">[94]</a> the hard rock of <a href="Captain_Beyond" title="Captain Beyond">Captain Beyond</a>, the <a href="Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a>-tinged prog of <a href="Kansas_(band)" title="Kansas (band)">Kansas</a>, the jazz fusion of <a href="Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a> and <a href="Return_to_Forever" title="Return to Forever">Return to Forever</a>, and the eclectic fusion of the all-instrumental <a href="Dixie_Dregs" title="Dixie Dregs">Dixie Dregs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997186-104">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[99]</a> British progressive rock acts had their greatest US success in the same geographic areas in which British heavy metal bands experienced their greatest popularity. The overlap in audiences led to the success of <a href="Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">arena rock</a> bands, such as <a href="Boston_(band)" title="Boston (band)">Boston</a>, <a href="Kansas_(band)" title="Kansas (band)">Kansas</a>, and <a href="Styx_(band)" title="Styx (band)">Styx</a>, who combined elements of the two styles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997186-104">[95]</a>

Progressive rock achieved popularity in Continental Europe more quickly than it did in the US. Italy remained generally uninterested in rock music until the strong Italian progressive rock scene developed in the early 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1998154–55-109">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[nb 10]</a> Progressive rock scene emerged in Yugoslavia in the late 1960s, dominating the <a href="Yugoslav_rock_scene" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav rock scene">Yugoslav rock scene</a> until the late 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-mirković-112">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-žikić-113">[103]</a> Few of the European groups were successful outside of their own countries, with the exceptions of Dutch bands like <a href="Focus_(band)" title="Focus (band)">Focus</a> and <a href="Golden_Earring" title="Golden Earring">Golden Earring</a> who wrote English-language lyrics, and the Italians <a href="Le_Orme" title="Le Orme">Le Orme</a> and <a href="Premiata_Forneria_Marconi" title="Premiata Forneria Marconi">PFM</a>, whose English lyrics were written by <a href="Peter_Hammill" title="Peter Hammill">Peter Hammill</a> and <a href="Peter_Sinfield" title="Peter Sinfield">Peter Sinfield</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997183–84-114">[104]</a> Some European bands played in a style derivative of English bands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997267-115">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[nb 11]</a>

The "Kosmische music" scene in Germany came to be labelled as "<a href="Krautrock" title="Krautrock">krautrock</a>" internationally<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarig1998123-118">[107]</a> and is frequently cited as part of the progressive rock genre or an entirely distinct phenomenon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201110,_152-119">[108]</a> Krautrock bands such as <a href="Can_(band)" title="Can (band)">Can</a>, which included two members who had studied under <a href="Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELucky200022-120">[109]</a> tended to be more strongly influenced by <a href="20th-century_classical_music" title="20th-century classical music">20th-century classical music</a> than the British progressive rock bands, whose musical vocabulary leaned more towards <a href="Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">the Romantic era</a>. Many of these groups were very influential even among bands that had little enthusiasm for the symphonic variety of progressive rock.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin200282-121">[110]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Progressive_soul">Progressive soul</h5></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Progressive_soul" title="Progressive soul">Progressive soul</a></div>

Concurrently, Black American popular musicians drew from progressive rock's conceptual album-oriented approach. This led to a progressive-soul movement in the 1970s that inspired a newfound sophisticated musicality and ambitious lyricism in black pop.<a href="#cite_note-122">[111]</a> Among these musicians were <a href="Sly_Stone" title="Sly Stone">Sly Stone</a>, <a href="Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>, <a href="Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a>, <a href="Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a>, and <a href="George_Clinton_(funk_musician)" title="George Clinton (funk musician)">George Clinton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoardBrackett2004524-123">[112]</a> In discussing the development, <a href="Bill_Martin_(philosopher)" title="Bill Martin (philosopher)">Bill Martin</a> cites 1970s albums by Wonder (<a href="Talking_Book" title="Talking Book">Talking Book</a>, <a href="Innervisions" title="Innervisions">Innervisions</a>, <a href="Songs_in_the_Key_of_Life" title="Songs in the Key of Life">Songs in the Key of Life</a>), <a href="War_(band)" title="War (band)">War</a> (<a href="All_Day_Music" title="All Day Music">All Day Music</a>, <a href="The_World_Is_a_Ghetto" title="The World Is a Ghetto">The World Is a Ghetto</a>, <a href="War_Live_(album)" title="War Live (album)">War Live</a>), and <a href="The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">the Isley Brothers</a> (<a href="3_%2B_3" title="3 + 3">3 + 3</a>), while noting that the Who's progressive rock-influenced <a href="Who_Are_You" title="Who Are You">Who Are You</a> (1978) also drew from the soul variant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin199841,_205,_216,_244-124">[113]</a> Dominic Maxwell of <a href="The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> calls Wonder's mid-1970s albums "prog soul of the highest order, pushing the form yet always heartfelt, ambitious and listenable".<a href="#cite_note-125">[114]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Decline_and_fragmentation">Decline and fragmentation</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a> and <a href="Symphonic_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphonic pop">Symphonic pop</a></div>

Political and social trends of the late 1970s shifted away from the early 1970s <a href="Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> attitudes that had led to the genre's development and popularity. The rise in <a href="Punk_ideologies" title="Punk ideologies">punk cynicism</a> made the utopian ideals expressed in progressive rock lyrics unfashionable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin200278-126">[115]</a> Virtuosity was rejected, as the expense of purchasing quality instruments and the time investment of learning to play them were seen as barriers to rock's energy and immediacy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin2002115-127">[116]</a> There were also changes in the music industry, as record companies disappeared and merged into large <a href="Media_conglomerates" class="mw-redirect" title="Media conglomerates">media conglomerates</a>. Promoting and developing experimental music was not part of the <a href="Marketing_strategy" title="Marketing strategy">marketing strategy</a> for these large corporations, who focused their attention on identifying and targeting profitable <a href="Niche_market" title="Niche market">market niches</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin2002108–110-128">[117]</a>

Four of progressive rock's most successful bands – King Crimson, Yes, ELP and Genesis – went on hiatus or experienced major personnel changes during the mid-1970s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011177-129">[118]</a> Macan notes the September 1974 breakup of King Crimson as particularly significant, noting that Fripp (much later) referred to 1974 as the point when "all English bands in the genre should have ceased to exist".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997179-130">[119]</a> More of the major bands, including Van der Graaf Generator, Gentle Giant and <a href="U.K._(band)" title="U.K. (band)">U.K.</a>, dissolved between 1978 and 1980.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997187–188-131">[120]</a> Many bands had by the mid-1970s reached the limit of how far they could experiment in a rock context, and fans had wearied of the extended, epic compositions. The sounds of the <a href="Hammond_organ" title="Hammond organ">Hammond</a>, <a href="Minimoog" title="Minimoog">Minimoog</a> and <a href="Mellotron" title="Mellotron">Mellotron</a> had been thoroughly explored, and their use became clichéd. Those bands who continued to record often simplified their sound, and the genre fragmented from the late 1970s onwards.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997181–183-132">[121]</a> In <a href="Robert_Fripp" title="Robert Fripp">Robert Fripp</a>'s opinion, once "progressive rock" ceased to cover new ground – becoming a set of conventions to be repeated and imitated – the genre's premise had ceased to be "progressive".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997206-133">[122]</a>

The era of record labels investing in their artists, giving them freedom to experiment and limited control over their content and marketing ended with the late 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016202-134">[123]</a> Corporate <a href="Artists_and_repertoire" title="Artists and repertoire">artists and repertoire</a> staff exerted an increasing amount of control over the creative process that had previously belonged to the artists,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1996188-135">[124]</a> and established acts were pressured to create music with simpler harmony and song structures and fewer changes in meter. A number of symphonic pop bands, such as <a href="Supertramp" title="Supertramp">Supertramp</a>, <a href="10cc" title="10cc">10cc</a>, <a href="The_Alan_Parsons_Project" title="The Alan Parsons Project">the Alan Parsons Project</a> and the <a href="Electric_Light_Orchestra" title="Electric Light Orchestra">Electric Light Orchestra</a>, brought the orchestral-style arrangements into a context that emphasised pop singles while allowing for occasional instances of exploration. Jethro Tull, Gentle Giant and Pink Floyd opted for a harder sound in the style of <a href="Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">arena rock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997187-5">[5]</a>

Few new progressive rock bands formed during this era, and those who did found that record labels were not interested in signing them.<a href="#cite_note-derogatis98-136">[125]</a> The short-lived supergroup U.K. was a notable exception since its members had established reputations; they produced two albums that were stylistically similar to previous artists and did little to advance the genre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997183-137">[126]</a> Part of the genre's legacy in this period was its influence on other styles, as several European guitarists brought a progressive rock approach to <a href="Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> and laid the groundwork for <a href="Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">progressive metal</a>. <a href="Michael_Schenker" title="Michael Schenker">Michael Schenker</a>, of <a href="UFO_(band)" title="UFO (band)">UFO</a>; and <a href="Uli_Jon_Roth" title="Uli Jon Roth">Uli Jon Roth</a>, who replaced Schenker in <a href="Scorpions_(band)" title="Scorpions (band)">Scorpions</a>, expanded the modal vocabulary available to guitarists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackett2001-138">[127]</a> Roth studied classical music with the intent of using the guitar in the way that classical composers used the violin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGress2007-139">[128]</a> Finally, the Dutch-born and classically trained <a href="Alex_Van_Halen" title="Alex Van Halen">Alex</a> and <a href="Eddie_Van_Halen" title="Eddie Van Halen">Eddie Van Halen</a> formed <a href="Van_Halen" title="Van Halen">Van Halen</a>, featuring ground-breaking whammy-bar, tapping and cross-picking guitar performances<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGress1993-140">[129]</a> that influenced "<a href="Shred_guitar" title="Shred guitar">shred</a>" music in the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-141">[130]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Commercialisation">Commercialisation</h5></div>

By the early 1980s, progressive rock was thought to be all but dead as a style, an idea reinforced by the fact that some of the principal progressive groups had developed a more commercial sound. ... What went out of the music of these now ex-progressive groups ... was any significant evocation of art music.

</blockquote>

<div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">– John Covach<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECovach19975-13">[13]</a></cite></div>

</div>

Some established artists moved towards music that was simpler and more commercially viable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011182-142">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECovach19975-13">[13]</a> Arena rock bands like <a href="Journey_(band)" title="Journey (band)">Journey</a>, <a href="Kansas_(band)" title="Kansas (band)">Kansas</a>, <a href="Styx_(band)" title="Styx (band)">Styx</a>, <a href="GTR_(band)" title="GTR (band)">GTR</a>, <a href="Electric_Light_Orchestra" title="Electric Light Orchestra">ELO</a> and <a href="Foreigner_(band)" title="Foreigner (band)">Foreigner</a> either had begun as progressive rock bands or included members with strong ties to the genre. These groups retained some of the song complexity and orchestral-style arrangements, but they moved away from lyrical mysticism in favour of more conventional themes such as relationships.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011181–182-143">[132]</a> These radio-friendly groups have been called "prog lite".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECateforis2011154–159-144">[133]</a> Genesis transformed into a successful pop act, the prog supergroup <a href="Asia_(band)" title="Asia (band)">Asia</a> (consisting of members of Yes, King Crimson, and ELP) scored a number-one album in 1982,<a href="#cite_note-145">[134]</a> and a re-formed Yes released the relatively mainstream <a href="90125_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="90125 (album)">90125</a> (1983), which yielded their only US number-one single, "<a href="Owner_of_a_Lonely_Heart" title="Owner of a Lonely Heart">Owner of a Lonely Heart</a>". One band who remained successful into the 1980s while maintaining a progressive approach was Pink Floyd, who released <a href="The_Wall" title="The Wall">The Wall</a> late in 1979. The album, which brought punk anger into progressive rock,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011174-146">[135]</a> was a huge success and was later filmed as <a href="Pink_Floyd_%E2%80%93_The_Wall" title="Pink Floyd – The Wall">Pink Floyd – The Wall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[nb 12]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-punk_and_post-progressive">Post-punk and post-progressive</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a> and <a href="Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave music</a></div>

Punk and progressive rock were not necessarily as opposed as is commonly believed. Both genres reject commercialism, and punk bands did see a need for musical advancement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1996189–190-155">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[nb 13]</a> Author Doyle Green noted that <a href="Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a> emerged as "a kind of 'progressive punk'".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreene2014173-161">[148]</a> Post-punk artists rejected the high cultural references of 1960s rock artists like the Beatles and Bob Dylan as well as paradigms that defined rock as "progressive", "art", or "studio perfectionism".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBannister200736–37-162">[149]</a> In contrast to punk rock, it balances punk's energy and skepticism with art school consciousness, <a href="Dadaist" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadaist">Dadaist</a> experimentalism, and atmospheric, ambient soundscapes. <a href="World_music" title="World music">World music</a>, especially African and Asian traditions, was also a major influence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERojek201128-163">[150]</a>

Progressive rock's impact was felt in the work of some post-punk artists, although they tended not to emulate classical rock or Canterbury groups but rather <a href="Roxy_Music" title="Roxy Music">Roxy Music</a>, King Crimson, and <a href="Krautrock" title="Krautrock">krautrock</a> bands, particularly Can.<a href="#cite_note-ClassicRock-164">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[nb 14]</a> <a href="Punishment_of_Luxury" title="Punishment of Luxury">Punishment of Luxury</a>'s music borrowed from both progressive and punk rock,<a href="#cite_note-167">[153]</a> whilst <a href="Alternative_TV" title="Alternative TV">Alternative TV</a>, who were fronted by the founder of the influential punk fanzine <a href="Sniffin'_Glue" title="Sniffin' Glue">Sniffin' Glue</a> <a href="Mark_Perry_(musician)" title="Mark Perry (musician)">Mark Perry</a>, toured and released a split live album with <a href="Gong_(band)" title="Gong (band)">Gong</a> offshoot <a href="Here_%26_Now_(band)" title="Here & Now (band)">Here & Now</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[154]</a>

The term "<a href="Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">post-progressive</a>" identifies progressive rock that returns to its original principles while dissociating from 1970s progressive rock styles,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011225-169">[155]</a> and may be located after 1978.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin199820-170">[156]</a> Martin credits <a href="Roxy_Music" title="Roxy Music">Roxy Music</a>'s <a href="Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a> as the sub-genre's most important catalyst, explaining that his 1973–77 output merged aspects of progressive rock with a prescient notion of new wave and punk.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1998251-171">[157]</a> New wave, which surfaced around 1978–79 with some of the same attitudes and aesthetic as punk, was characterised by Martin as "progressive" multiplied by "punk".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin200299-172">[158]</a> Bands in the genre tended to be less hostile towards progressive rock than the punks, and there were crossovers, such as Fripp and Eno's involvement with <a href="Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a>, and Yes' replacement of Rick Wakeman and Jon Anderson with the pop duo <a href="The_Buggles" title="The Buggles">the Buggles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin200299-172">[158]</a>

When King Crimson reformed in 1981, they released an album, <a href="Discipline_(King_Crimson_album)" title="Discipline (King Crimson album)">Discipline</a>, which Macan says "inaugurated" the new post-progressive style.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997205-173">[159]</a> The new King Crimson line-up featured guitarist and vocalist <a href="Adrian_Belew" title="Adrian Belew">Adrian Belew</a>, who also collaborated with Talking Heads, playing live with the band and featuring on their 1980 album <a href="Remain_in_Light" title="Remain in Light">Remain in Light</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[161]</a> According to Martin, Talking Heads also created "a kind of new-wave music that was the perfect synthesis of punk urgency and attitude and progressive-rock sophistication and creativity. A good deal of the more interesting rock since that time is clearly 'post-Talking Heads' music, but this means that it is post-progressive rock as well."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1998251-171">[157]</a>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Neo-prog" title="Neo-prog">Neo-prog</a></div>

A second wave<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011199-176">[162]</a> of progressive rock bands appeared in the early 1980s and have since been categorised as a separate "<a href="Neo-prog" title="Neo-prog">neo-prog</a>" subgenre.<a href="#cite_note-ewing-177">[163]</a> These largely keyboard-based bands played extended compositions with complex musical and lyrical structures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011183–186-178">[164]</a> Several of these bands were signed by major record labels, including <a href="Marillion" title="Marillion">Marillion</a>, <a href="IQ_(band)" title="IQ (band)">IQ</a>, <a href="Pendragon_(band)" title="Pendragon (band)">Pendragon</a>, <a href="Pallas_(band)" title="Pallas (band)">Pallas</a> and <a href="Twelfth_Night_(band)" title="Twelfth Night (band)">Twelfth Night</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[166]</a> Most of the genre's major acts released debut albums between 1983 and 1985 and shared the same manager, Keith Goodwin, a publicist who had been instrumental in promoting progressive rock during the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997198-181">[167]</a> The previous decade's bands had the advantage of appearing during a prominent <a href="Counterculture" title="Counterculture">countercultural</a> movement that provided them with a large potential audience, but the neo-prog bands were limited to a relatively niche demographic and found it difficult to attract a following. Only Marillion<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997200–01-182">[168]</a> and <a href="Saga_(band)" title="Saga (band)">Saga</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2012-183">[169]</a> experienced international success.

Neo-prog bands tended to use <a href="Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a>-era <a href="Genesis_(band)" title="Genesis (band)">Genesis</a> as their "principal model".<a href="#cite_note-184">[170]</a> They were also influenced by <a href="Funk" title="Funk">funk</a>, <a href="Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a> and <a href="Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomano2010[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid2lVMAgAAQBAJpgPT390_"Marillion"]-185">[171]</a> The genre's most successful band, Marillion, suffered particularly from accusations of similarity to Genesis, although they used a different vocal style, incorporated more hard rock elements,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011187–188-186">[172]</a> and were very influenced by bands including <a href="Camel_(band)" title="Camel (band)">Camel</a> and Pink Floyd.<a href="#cite_note-187">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[174]</a> Authors <a href="Paul_Hegarty_(musician)" title="Paul Hegarty (musician)">Paul Hegarty</a> and Martin Halliwell have pointed out that the neo-prog bands were not so much plagiarising progressive rock as they were creating a new style from progressive rock elements, just as the bands of a decade before had created a new style from jazz and classical elements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011184-189">[175]</a> Author Edward Macan counters by pointing out that these bands were at least partially motivated by a nostalgic desire to preserve a past style rather than a drive to innovate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997197-190">[176]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Third_wave">Third wave</h4></div>

A third wave of progressive rock bands, who can also be described as a second generation of neo-prog bands,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011199-176">[162]</a> emerged in the 1990s. The use of the term "progressive" to describe groups that follow in the style of bands from ten to twenty years earlier is somewhat controversial, as it has been seen as a contradiction of the spirit of experimentation and progress.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1995-191">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201119-192">[178]</a> These new bands were aided in part by the availability of personal computer-based <a href="Digital_audio_workstation" title="Digital audio workstation">recording studios</a>, which reduced album production expenses, and the <a href="Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, which made it easier for bands outside of the mainstream to reach widespread audiences.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarnick2003-193">[179]</a> Record stores specialising in progressive rock appeared in large cities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1995-191">[177]</a>

The <a href="Shred_guitar" title="Shred guitar">shred</a> music of the 1980s was a major influence on the progressive rock groups of the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1995-191">[177]</a> Some of the newer bands, such as <a href="The_Flower_Kings" title="The Flower Kings">the Flower Kings</a>, <a href="Spock's_Beard" title="Spock's Beard">Spock's Beard</a> and <a href="Glass_Hammer" title="Glass Hammer">Glass Hammer</a>, played a 1970s-style symphonic prog, but with an updated sound.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELucky200047,127-194">[180]</a> A number of them began to explore the limits of the CD in the way that earlier groups had stretched the limits of the vinyl LP.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011200-195">[181]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Progressive_metal">Progressive metal</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">Progressive metal</a></div>

Progressive rock and <a href="Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> have similar timelines. Both emerged from late-1960s psychedelia to achieve great early-1970s success despite a lack of radio airplay and support from critics, then faded in the mid-to-late 1970s and experienced revivals in the early 1980s. Each genre experienced a fragmentation of styles at this time, and many metal bands from the <a href="New_wave_of_British_heavy_metal" title="New wave of British heavy metal">new wave of British heavy metal</a> – most notably <a href="Iron_Maiden" title="Iron Maiden">Iron Maiden</a> – onwards displayed progressive rock influences.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011259–260-196">[182]</a> <a href="Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">Progressive metal</a> reached a point of maturity with <a href="Queensr%C3%BFche" title="Queensrÿche">Queensrÿche</a>'s 1988 concept album <a href="Operation%3A_Mindcrime" title="Operation: Mindcrime">Operation: Mindcrime</a>, <a href="Voivod_(band)" title="Voivod (band)">Voivod</a>'s 1989 <a href="Nothingface_(Voivod_album)" title="Nothingface (Voivod album)">Nothingface</a>, which featured abstract lyrics and a King Crimson-like texture, and <a href="Dream_Theater" title="Dream Theater">Dream Theater</a>'s 1992 <a href="Images_and_Words" title="Images and Words">Images and Words</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011260–262-197">[183]</a>

Progressive rock elements appear in other metal subgenres. <a href="Death_metal" title="Death metal">Death metal</a>'s <a href="Death_growl" title="Death growl">guttural vocals</a> are sometimes used by bands who can be classified as progressive, such as <a href="Mastodon_(band)" title="Mastodon (band)">Mastodon</a>, <a href="Mudvayne" title="Mudvayne">Mudvayne</a> and <a href="Opeth" title="Opeth">Opeth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011264,_266-198">[184]</a> <a href="Symphonic_metal" title="Symphonic metal">Symphonic metal</a> is an extension of the tendency towards orchestral passages in early progressive rock.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011266–267-199">[185]</a> Progressive rock has also served as a key inspiration for genres such as <a href="Post-rock" title="Post-rock">post-rock</a>,<a href="#cite_note-allen-200">[186]</a> <a href="Post-metal" title="Post-metal">post-metal</a> and <a href="Avant-garde_metal" title="Avant-garde metal">avant-garde metal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-caramanica-201">[187]</a> <a href="Math_rock" title="Math rock">math rock</a>,<a href="#cite_note-tudor-202">[188]</a> <a href="Power_metal" title="Power metal">power metal</a> and <a href="Neo-classical_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-classical metal">neo-classical metal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-miers-203">[189]</a>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Neo-prog" title="Neo-prog">Neo-prog</a>.</div>

New prog describes the wave of progressive rock bands in the 2000s who revived the genre. According to <a href="Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a>'s Evan Serpick, "success stories like <a href="System_of_a_Down" title="System of a Down">System of a Down</a> and up-and-comers like the <a href="Dillinger_Escape_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dillinger Escape Plan">Dillinger Escape Plan</a>, <a href="Lightning_Bolt_(band)" title="Lightning Bolt (band)">Lightning Bolt</a>, <a href="Coheed_and_Cambria" title="Coheed and Cambria">Coheed and Cambria</a>, and <a href="The_Mars_Volta" title="The Mars Volta">the Mars Volta</a> create incredibly complex and inventive music that sounds like a heavier, more aggressive version of '70s behemoths such as Led Zeppelin and King Crimson."<a href="#cite_note-204">[190]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wider_influence">Wider influence</h4></div>

The turn of the millennium also saw the rise of a number of bands to mainstream success who, whilst not explicitly identifying as progressive rock, have incorporated influences from it and embraced an experimentalism and complexity in their music which has been regarded as being in keeping with the genre's traditions. <a href="Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a> have been embraced by some progressive rock fans and musicians, with Rush's <a href="Geddy_Lee" title="Geddy Lee">Geddy Lee</a> declaring <a href="OK_Computer" title="OK Computer">OK Computer</a> as one of his favourite albums and arguing that they carried on the torch from bands like Yes and Genesis. Radiohead's drummer <a href="Philip_Selway" title="Philip Selway">Philip Selway</a> has cited King Crimson and Pink Floyd as influences, and the band's eclectic and experimental style has drawn on a range of sources, including jazz, electronic music, art rock, krautrock, post-rock and the work of <a href="Captain_Beefheart" title="Captain Beefheart">Captain Beefheart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[191]</a>

<a href="Tool_(band)" title="Tool (band)">Tool</a> and King Crimson have acknowledged each other as influences and toured together.<a href="#cite_note-206">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[194]</a> Other bands embracing progressive influences include <a href="Muse_(band)" title="Muse (band)">Muse</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[195]</a> and <a href="Mansun" title="Mansun">Mansun</a>, whose second album <a href="Six_(Mansun_album)" title="Six (Mansun album)">Six</a> has been listed as a favourite British rock album of Porcupine Tree's <a href="Steven_Wilson" title="Steven Wilson">Steven Wilson</a>, who has collaborated and toured with former Mansun frontman <a href="Paul_Draper_(musician)" title="Paul Draper (musician)">Paul Draper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[198]</a> Ween's 1997 album <a href="The_Mollusk" title="The Mollusk">The Mollusk</a> has also been noted for its progressive rock influences, complete with <a href="Storm_Thorgerson" title="Storm Thorgerson">Storm Thorgerson</a>-designed cover art.<a href="#cite_note-213">[199]</a>

The Progressive Music Awards were launched in 2012 by the British magazine <a href="Prog_(magazine)" title="Prog (magazine)">Prog</a> to honour the genre's established acts and to promote its newer bands.

In 2019, the Prog Report named <a href="Mike_Portnoy" title="Mike Portnoy">Mike Portnoy</a> and <a href="Neal_Morse" title="Neal Morse">Neal Morse</a> artists of the decade for 2010–2019. During this time, Portnoy released 40 albums, 24 of them with Morse, while Morse released an additional 5 albums of his own.<a href="#cite_note-214">[200]</a>

During the <a href="COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> in 2020, the Prog Report launched a virtual concert, Prog From Home, bringing together many of the biggest artists active in the genre.<a href="#cite_note-215">[201]</a>

On April 3, 2022, "The Alien" won a <a href="Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Award</a> for <a href="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Metal_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance">Best Metal Performance</a>, giving <a href="Dream_Theater" title="Dream Theater">Dream Theater</a> their first Grammy.<a href="#cite_note-216">[202]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals">Festivals</h2></div>

Many prominent progressive rock bands got their initial exposure at large <a href="Rock_festival" title="Rock festival">rock festivals</a> that were held in Britain during the late 1960s and early 1970s. King Crimson made their first major appearance at the <a href="Stones_in_the_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Stones in the Park">1969 Hyde Park free concert</a>, before a crowd estimated to be as large as 650,000, in support of <a href="The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFripp1975-217">[203]</a> Emerson, Lake & Palmer debuted at the <a href="Isle_of_Wight_Festival_1970" title="Isle of Wight Festival 1970">1970 Isle of Wight Festival</a>, at which Supertramp, <a href="Family_(band)" title="Family (band)">Family</a> and Jethro Tull also appeared.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201150–51-218">[204]</a> Jethro Tull were also present at the 1969 <a href="Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport Jazz Festival</a>, the first year in which that festival invited rock bands to perform. <a href="Hawkwind" title="Hawkwind">Hawkwind</a> appeared at many British festivals throughout the 1970s, although they sometimes showed up uninvited, set up a stage on the periphery of the event, and played for free.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201150-219">[205]</a>

Renewed interest in the genre in the 1990s led to the development of progressive rock festivals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1995-191">[177]</a> ProgFest, organised by Greg Walker and David Overstreet in 1993, was first held in <a href="UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a>'s Royce Hall,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECovach2000-220">[206]</a> and featured Sweden's Änglagård, the UK's IQ, Quill and Citadel. CalProg was held annually in Whittier, California during the early 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-221">[207]</a> The North East Art Rock Festival, or <a href="NEARfest" title="NEARfest">NEARfest</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarnick2003-193">[179]</a> held its first event in 1999 in <a href="Bethlehem%2C_Pennsylvania" title="Bethlehem, Pennsylvania">Bethlehem, Pennsylvania</a> and held annual sold-out concerts until 2012's NEARfest Apocalypse, which featured headliners <a href="U.K._(band)" title="U.K. (band)">U.K.</a> and Renaissance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeigel2012e-222">[208]</a>

Other festivals include the annual ProgDay (the longest-running and only outdoor progressive music festival) in <a href="Chapel_Hill%2C_North_Carolina" title="Chapel Hill, North Carolina">Chapel Hill, North Carolina</a>, the annual Rites of Spring Festival (RoSfest) in <a href="Sarasota%2C_Florida" title="Sarasota, Florida">Sarasota, Florida</a>, <a href="The_Rogue_Independent_Music_Festival" title="The Rogue Independent Music Festival">The Rogue Independent Music Festival</a> in Atlanta, Georgia, <a href="Baja_Prog" title="Baja Prog">Baja Prog</a> in <a href="Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali, Mexico</a>, <a href="ProgPower_USA" title="ProgPower USA">ProgPower USA</a> in Atlanta, Georgia, <a href="ProgPower_Europe" title="ProgPower Europe">ProgPower Europe</a> in <a href="Baarlo" title="Baarlo">Baarlo</a>, Netherlands, and ProgStock in Rahway, NJ, which held its first event in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-223">[209]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div>

The genre has received both critical acclaim and criticism throughout the years. Progressive rock has been described as parallel to the classical music of <a href="Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a> and <a href="B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Béla Bartók</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECovach2000-220">[206]</a> This desire to expand the boundaries of rock, combined with some musicians' dismissiveness toward mainstream rock and pop, dismayed critics and led to accusations of elitism. Its intellectual, fantastic and apolitical lyrics, and shunning of rock's blues roots, were abandonments of the very things that many critics valued in rock music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997168-73-224">[210]</a> Progressive rock also represented the maturation of rock as a genre, but there was an opinion among critics that rock was and should remain fundamentally tied to adolescence, so rock and maturity were mutually exclusive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin2002107-225">[211]</a> Criticisms over the complexity of their music provoked some bands to create music that was even more complex.<a href="#cite_note-229">[nb 15]</a> BBC radio DJ <a href="John_Peel" title="John Peel">John Peel</a>, who was one of the first people to play progressive rock on British radio, later said "the one distinguishing feature about early-70s progressive rock was that it didn't progress".<a href="#cite_note-230">[215]</a>

Most of the musicians involved were male, as was the case for most rock of the time,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011204-231">[216]</a> although <a href="Annie_Haslam" title="Annie Haslam">Annie Haslam</a> of <a href="Renaissance_(band)" title="Renaissance (band)">Renaissance</a> was a notable exception. Female singers were better represented in <a href="Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">progressive folk</a> bands,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997135-232">[217]</a> who displayed a broader range of vocal styles than the progressive rock bands<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweers2004204-233">[218]</a> with whom they frequently toured and shared band members.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweers2004131-234">[219]</a>

British and European audiences typically followed concert hall behaviour protocols associated with classical music performances and were more reserved in their behaviour than audiences for other forms of rock. This confused musicians during US tours, as they found American audiences less attentive and more prone to outbursts during quiet passages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997263-235">[220]</a>

These aspirations towards <a href="High_culture" title="High culture">high culture</a> reflect progressive rock's origins as a music created largely by <a href="Upper_class" title="Upper class">upper</a>- and <a href="Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle</a>-class, <a href="White-collar_workers" class="mw-redirect" title="White-collar workers">white-collar</a>, college-educated males from <a href="Southern_England" title="Southern England">Southern England</a>. The music never reflected the concerns of or was embraced by working-class listeners,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997144–48-236">[221]</a> except in the US, where listeners appreciated the musicians' virtuosity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997156-237">[222]</a> Progressive rock's exotic, literary topics were considered particularly irrelevant to British youth during the late 1970s, when the nation suffered from a poor economy and frequent strikes and shortages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011163–164-238">[223]</a> Even King Crimson leader Robert Fripp dismissed progressive rock lyrics as "the philosophical meanderings of some English half-wit who is circumnavigating some inessential point of experience in his life".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETamm1990-239">[224]</a> Bands whose darker lyrics avoided utopianism, such as King Crimson, Pink Floyd and Van der Graaf Generator, experienced less critical disfavour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan199778-240">[225]</a>

In 2002, Pink Floyd guitarist <a href="David_Gilmour" title="David Gilmour">David Gilmour</a> said, "I wasn't a big fan of most of what you'd call progressive rock. I'm like <a href="Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a>: I don't want to belong to any club that would have me for a member."<a href="#cite_note-241">[226]</a> In 2014, <a href="Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a> remarked, "Despite prog probably being the most derided musical genre of all time there were—as today—a lot of extraordinary musicians trying to break down the barriers to reject the rules of music. It was genuinely pioneering at the time. We didn't always get it right, but when it did work we could move people and get some magic happening. I see it all as a very healthy part of growing up."<a href="#cite_note-242">[227]</a>

<a href="Ian_Anderson" title="Ian Anderson">Ian Anderson</a>, the frontman of Jethro Tull, commented:

<blockquote>I still like the original term that comes from 1969: progressive rock – but that was with a small "p" and a small "r". Prog Rock, on the other hand, has different connotations – of grandeur and pomposity [...] I think looking back on it that most of it was a pretty good experience for musicians and listeners alike. Some of it was a little bit overblown, but in the case of much of the music, it was absolutely spot on.<a href="#cite_note-243">[228]</a></blockquote>

While music fans for years have declared progressive rock to be dead,<a href="#cite_note-244">[229]</a> the scene is still active with many sub-genres.<a href="#cite_note-245">[230]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_progressive_rock_artists">List of progressive rock artists</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="List_of_progressive_rock_artists" title="List of progressive rock artists">List of progressive rock artists</a></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/progressive_rock" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:progressive rock">progressive rock</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a href="British_folk_rock" title="British folk rock">British folk rock</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_musical_works_in_unusual_time_signatures" title="List of musical works in unusual time signatures">List of musical works in unusual time signatures</a></li>

<li><a href="Minimal_music" title="Minimal music">Minimal music</a></li>

<li><a href="Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">Musique concrète</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></li>

<li><a href="Serialism" title="Serialism">Serialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Third_stream" title="Third stream">Third stream</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_progressive_rock" title="Timeline of progressive rock">Timeline of progressive rock</a></li>

<li>Category:Progressive rock record labels</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> In the rock music of the 1970s, the "art" descriptor was generally understood to mean "aggressively avant-garde" or "pretentiously progressive".<a href="#cite_note-ArtPunkMurray-15">[15]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> From about 1967, "pop music" was increasingly used in opposition to the term "rock music", a division that gave generic significance to both terms.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Formalism refers to a preoccupation with established external compositional systems, structural unity, and the autonomy of individual art works. Eclecticism, like formalism, connotes a predilection towards style synthesis, or integration. However, contrary to formalist tendencies, eclecticism foregrounds discontinuities between historical and contemporary styles and electronic media, sometimes referring simultaneously to vastly different musical genres, idioms and cultural codes. Examples include <a href="The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>' "<a href="Within_You_Without_You" title="Within You Without You">Within You Without You</a>" (1967) and <a href="Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a>'s 1969 version of "<a href="The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotner200093-30">[28]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Allan Moore writes: "It should be clear by now that, although this history appears to offer a roughly chronological succession of styles, there is no single, linear history to that thing we call popular song. ... Sometimes it appears that there are only peripheries. Sometimes, audiences gravitate towards a centre. The most prominent period when this happened was in the early to mid 1960s when it seems that almost everyone, irrespective of age, class or cultural background, listened to the Beatles. But by 1970 this monolothic position had again broken down. Both <a href="The_Edgar_Broughton_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="The Edgar Broughton Band">the Edgar Broughton Band</a>'s 'Apache Dropout' and <a href="Edison_Lighthouse" title="Edison Lighthouse">Edison Lighthouse</a>'s '<a href="Love_Grows_(Where_My_Rosemary_Goes)" title="Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes)">Love grows</a>' were released in 1970 with strong Midlands/London connections, and both were audible on the same radio stations, but were operating according to very different aesthetics."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016199–200-41">[38]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> LP sales first overtook those of singles in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweers2004120-65">[61]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Beatles member <a href="John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> is known to have attended at least one such event, a <a href="Happening" title="Happening">happening</a> called <a href="The_14_Hour_Technicolor_Dream" title="The 14 Hour Technicolor Dream">the 14 Hour Technicolor Dream</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien1999-71">[66]</a> <a href="Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> was deeply connected to the underground through his involvement with the <a href="Indica_Gallery" title="Indica Gallery">Indica Gallery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1999-72">[67]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> They are also generally credited as the first global standard-bearers of symphonic rock.<a href="#cite_note-FowlesWade2012-77">[71]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Tull alone scored 11 <a href="Gold_album" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold album">gold albums</a> and 5 <a href="Platinum_album" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum album">platinum albums</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECleveland2005-91">[84]</a> Pink Floyd's 1970 album <a href="Atom_Heart_Mother" title="Atom Heart Mother">Atom Heart Mother</a> reached the top spot on the UK charts. Their 1973 album <a href="The_Dark_Side_of_the_Moon" title="The Dark Side of the Moon">The Dark Side of the Moon</a>, which united their extended compositions with the more structured kind of composing employed when <a href="Syd_Barrett" title="Syd Barrett">Syd Barrett</a> was their songwriter,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhiteley199234–35-92">[85]</a> spent more than two years at the top of the charts<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhiteley19924,_38-93">[86]</a> and remained on the <a href="Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a> album chart for fifteen years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedlander1998245-94">[87]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Radio airplay was less important in the UK, where popular music recordings had limited air-time on official radio stations (as opposed to on <a href="Pirate_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pirate radio in the United Kingdom">pirate radio</a>) until the 1967 launch of <a href="BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pirenne1-64">[60]</a> UK audiences were accustomed to hearing bands in clubs, and British bands could support themselves through touring. US audiences were first exposed to new music on the radio, and bands in the US required radio airplay for success.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurtis1987296-7-98">[90]</a> Radio stations were averse to progressive rock's longer-form compositions, which hampered <a href="Radio_advertisement" title="Radio advertisement">advertising sales</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[91]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Van der Graaf Generator were much more popular there than in their own country. Genesis were hugely successful in Continental Europe at a time when they were still limited to a <a href="Cult_following" title="Cult following">cult following</a> in Britain and the US.<a href="#cite_note-spicer-110">[101]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> This can be heard in <a href="Triumvirat" title="Triumvirat">Triumvirat</a>, an organ trio in the style of ELP; <a href="Ange_(band)" title="Ange (band)">Ange</a> and <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeste_(gruppo_musicale)" class="extiw external" title="it:Celeste (gruppo musicale)">Celeste</a> who have had a strong King Crimson influence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997267-115">[105]</a> Others brought national elements to their style: Spain's <a href="Triana_(band)" title="Triana (band)">Triana</a> introduced <a href="Flamenco" title="Flamenco">flamenco</a> elements, groups such as the Swedish <a href="Samla_Mammas_Manna" title="Samla Mammas Manna">Samla Mammas Manna</a> drew from the folk music styles of their respective nations, and Italian bands such as <a href="Il_Balletto_di_Bronzo" title="Il Balletto di Bronzo">Il Balletto di Bronzo</a>, Rustichelli & Bordini, leaned towards an approach that was more overtly emotional than that of their British counterparts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997184-116">[106]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Pink Floyd were unable to repeat that combination of commercial and critical success, as their sole follow-up, <a href="The_Final_Cut_(album)" title="The Final Cut (album)">The Final Cut</a>, was several years in coming<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997188-147">[136]</a> and was essentially a <a href="Roger_Waters" title="Roger Waters">Roger Waters</a> solo project<a href="#cite_note-merc-148">[137]</a> that consisted largely of material that had been rejected for The Wall.<a href="#cite_note-tsmith-149">[138]</a> The band later reunited without Waters and restored many of the progressive elements that had been downplayed in the band's late-1970s work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997195-150">[139]</a> This version of the band was very popular,<a href="#cite_note-harrington87-151">[140]</a> but critical opinion of their later albums is less favourable.<a href="#cite_note-graves-152">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-wyman-153">[142]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <a href="Sex_Pistols" title="Sex Pistols">Sex Pistols</a> frontman <a href="John_Lydon" title="John Lydon">Johnny Rotten</a> famously wore a T-shirt that read "I hate Pink Floyd",<a href="#cite_note-derogatis98-136">[125]</a> but he expressed admiration for Van der Graaf Generator,<a href="#cite_note-boros-156">[144]</a> Can,<a href="#cite_note-lydon-157">[145]</a> and many years later, Pink Floyd themselves.<a href="#cite_note-158">[146]</a> <a href="Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a> expressed a preference for the approach of the punk and new wave bands in New York, as he found them to be more experimental and less personality-based than the English bands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETamm199530-159">[147]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <a href="Julian_Cope" title="Julian Cope">Julian Cope</a> of <a href="The_Teardrop_Explodes" title="The Teardrop Explodes">the Teardrop Explodes</a> wrote a history of the krautrock genre, <a href="Krautrocksampler" title="Krautrocksampler">Krautrocksampler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[152]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> Yes' <a href="Tales_from_Topographic_Oceans" title="Tales from Topographic Oceans">Tales from Topographic Oceans</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1996145-226">[212]</a> and "<a href="The_Gates_of_Delirium" title="The Gates of Delirium">The Gates of Delirium</a>"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1996158-227">[213]</a> were both responses to such criticisms. Jethro Tull's <a href="Thick_As_a_Brick" class="mw-redirect" title="Thick As a Brick">Thick As a Brick</a>, a self-satirising <a href="Concept_album" title="Concept album">concept album</a> that consisted of a single 45-minute track, arose from the band's disagreement with the labelling of their previous <a href="Aqualung_(Jethro_Tull_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqualung (Jethro Tull album)">Aqualung</a> as a concept album.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2008-228">[214]</a>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan199722,_140-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan199722,_140_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacan1997">Macan 1997</a>, pp. 22, 140.

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<li id="cite_note-allmusic-4"><a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_4-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/post-rock-ma0000002790">"Post-Rock"</a>. <a href="AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200401155732/https://www.allmusic.com/style/post-rock-ma0000002790">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2017.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997187-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan1997187_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan1997187_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacan1997">Macan 1997</a>, p. 187.

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<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.classicpopmag.com/2022/10/birth-of-synth-pop/">"Things that dreams are made of: The birth of synth-pop"</a>. Classic Pop. 20 October 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2025.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/neo-prog-ma0000012218">"Neo-Prog"</a>. <a href="AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904053727/http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/neo-prog-ma0000012218">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2016.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin199871–75-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin199871–75_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartin1998">Martin 1998</a>, pp. 71–75.

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<li id="cite_note-AMProg-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AMProg_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMProg_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMProg_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMProg_10-3">d</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/prog-rock-ma0000002798">"Prog-Rock"</a>. <a href="AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160208051215/http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/prog-rock-ma0000002798">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell20111-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell20111_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell20111_11-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHegartyHalliwell2011">Hegarty & Halliwell 2011</a>, p. 1.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELucky20007-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucky20007_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLucky2000">Lucky 2000</a>, p. 7.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECovach19975-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECovach19975_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECovach19975_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECovach19975_13-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFCovach1997">Covach 1997</a>, p. 5.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBannister200737-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBannister200737_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBannister200737_14-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBannister2007">Bannister 2007</a>, p. 37.

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<li id="cite_note-ArtPunkMurray-15"><a href="#cite_ref-ArtPunkMurray_15-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMurray2015" class="citation web cs1">Murray, Noel (28 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avclub.com/article/60-minutes-music-sum-art-punk-pioneers-wire-219113">"60 minutes of music that sum up art-punk pioneers Wire"</a>. <a href="The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151031075059/http://www.avclub.com/article/60-minutes-music-sum-art-punk-pioneers-wire-219113">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2017.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell20119-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell20119_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHegartyHalliwell2011">Hegarty & Halliwell 2011</a>, p. 9.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201113-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201113_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201113_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201113_19-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFHegartyHalliwell2011">Hegarty & Halliwell 2011</a>, p. 13.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECotner200090-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotner200090_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotner200090_20-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCotner2000">Cotner 2000</a>, p. 90.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore200422-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore200422_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoore2004">Moore 2004</a>, p. 22.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaworthSmith1975126-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaworthSmith1975126_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaworthSmith1975">Haworth & Smith 1975</a>, p. 126.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016201–202-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2016201–202_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoore2016">Moore 2016</a>, pp. 201–202.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell20112-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell20112_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell20112_26-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHegartyHalliwell2011">Hegarty & Halliwell 2011</a>, p. 2.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201316,_85–87-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201316,_85–87_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHolm-Hudson2013">Holm-Hudson 2013</a>, pp. 16, 85–87.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201316-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201316_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHolm-Hudson2013">Holm-Hudson 2013</a>, p. 16.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385–87-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385–87_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHolm-Hudson2013">Holm-Hudson 2013</a>, pp. 85–87.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECotner200093-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotner200093_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCotner2000">Cotner 2000</a>, p. 93.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECotner200091-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotner200091_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCotner2000">Cotner 2000</a>, p. 91.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis2014204,_219-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillis2014204,_219_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWillis2014">Willis 2014</a>, pp. 204, 219.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis2014219-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillis2014219_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWillis2014">Willis 2014</a>, p. 219.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERomano201024-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomano201024_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRomano2010">Romano 2010</a>, p. 24.

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<li id="cite_note-CR-36"><a href="#cite_ref-CR_36-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMoffitt,_Greg2016" class="citation web cs1">Moffitt, Greg (30 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loudersound.com/features/how-the-synthesiser-helped-shape-progressive-music">"How the synthesiser helped shape progressive music"</a>. <a href="Classic_Rock_(magazine)" title="Classic Rock (magazine)">Classic Rock</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHolm-Hudson2013">Holm-Hudson 2013</a>, p. 85.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrownNewquist199778-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrownNewquist199778_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPrownNewquist1997">Prown & Newquist 1997</a>, p. 78.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilo2014119-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilo2014119_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPhilo2014">Philo 2014</a>, p. 119.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016201-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2016201_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoore2016">Moore 2016</a>, p. 201.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016199–200-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2016199–200_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoore2016">Moore 2016</a>, pp. 199–200.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201111-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201111_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHegartyHalliwell2011">Hegarty & Halliwell 2011</a>, p. 11.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEverett199995-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEverett199995_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEverett1999">Everett 1999</a>, p. 95.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin199847-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin199847_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartin1998">Martin 1998</a>, p. 47.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETamm199529-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETamm199529_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTamm1995">Tamm 1995</a>, p. 29.

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<li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFLeas2016" class="citation web cs1">Leas, Ryan (5 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stereogum.com/1892600/tomorrow-never-knows-how-1966s-trilogy-of-pet-sounds-blonde-on-blonde-and-revolver-changed-everything/franchises/sounding-board/">"Tomorrow Never Knows: How 1966's Trilogy Of Pet Sounds, Blonde On Blonde, And Revolver Changed Everything"</a>. <a href="Stereogum" title="Stereogum">Stereogum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170214190644/http://www.stereogum.com/1892600/tomorrow-never-knows-how-1966s-trilogy-of-pet-sounds-blonde-on-blonde-and-revolver-changed-everything/franchises/sounding-board/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin199853-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin199853_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartin1998">Martin 1998</a>, p. 53.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECotner200130-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotner200130_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCotner2001">Cotner 2001</a>, p. 30.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFripp1975-217"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFripp1975_217-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFripp1975">Fripp 1975</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201150–51-218"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201150–51_218-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHegartyHalliwell2011">Hegarty & Halliwell 2011</a>, pp. 50–51.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201150-219"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell201150_219-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHegartyHalliwell2011">Hegarty & Halliwell 2011</a>, p. 50.

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<li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calprog.com/">"CalProg ~ Festivals"</a>. Calprog.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111205100755/http://www.calprog.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2021.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeigel2012e-222"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeigel2012e_222-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeigel2012e">Weigel 2012e</a>.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997168-73-224"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan1997168-73_224-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacan1997">Macan 1997</a>, p. 168-73.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin2002107-225"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin2002107_225-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartin2002">Martin 2002</a>, p. 107.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1996145-226"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin1996145_226-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartin1996">Martin 1996</a>, p. 145.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1996158-227"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin1996158_227-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartin1996">Martin 1996</a>, p. 158.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2008-228"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2008_228-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnderson2008">Anderson 2008</a>.

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</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997135-232"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan1997135_232-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacan1997">Macan 1997</a>, p. 135.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweers2004204-233"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweers2004204_233-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSweers2004">Sweers 2004</a>, p. 204.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweers2004131-234"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweers2004131_234-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSweers2004">Sweers 2004</a>, p. 131.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997263-235"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan1997263_235-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacan1997">Macan 1997</a>, p. 263.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997144–48-236"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan1997144–48_236-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacan1997">Macan 1997</a>, pp. 144–48.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997156-237"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan1997156_237-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacan1997">Macan 1997</a>, p. 156.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011163–164-238"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011163–164_238-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHegartyHalliwell2011">Hegarty & Halliwell 2011</a>, pp. 163–164.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div>

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<li><cite id="CITEREFHolm-Hudson2013" class="citation book cs1">Holm-Hudson, Kevin, ed. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JQCPAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA275">Progressive Rock Reconsidered</a>. Routledge. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-135-71022-4</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170208041818/https://books.google.com/books?id=JQCPAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA275">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2016.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFLucky2000" class="citation cs2">Lucky, Jerry (2000), Progressive Rock, Burlington, Ontario: Collector's Guide Publishing, Inc.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMacan1997" class="citation cs2">Macan, Edward (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rockingclassicse0000maca">Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture</a>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-19-509887-0</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMartin1996" class="citation cs2"><a href="Bill_Martin_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Martin (philosophy)">Martin, Bill</a> (1996), Music of Yes: Structure and Vision in Progressive Rock, Chicago: Open Court</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMartin1998" class="citation cs2"><a href="Bill_Martin_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Martin (philosophy)">Martin, Bill</a> (1998), Listening to the Future: The Time of Progressive Rock, Chicago: Open Court, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8126-9368-X</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMartin2002" class="citation cs2"><a href="Bill_Martin_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Martin (philosophy)">Martin, Bill</a> (2002), Avant Rock: Experimental Music from the Beatles to Bjork, Chicago: Open Court</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMaske2007" class="citation cs2">Maske, Dan (2007), Progressive Rock Keyboard, Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard Corporation</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMoore2004" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Allan (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DMWoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22">Jethro Tull's Aqualung</a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4411-1315-3</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505112316/https://books.google.com/books?id=DMWoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2015.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMoore2016" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Allan F. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S6DeCwAAQBAJ">Song Means: Analysing and Interpreting Recorded Popular Song</a>. Routledge. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-317-05265-4</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107220510/https://books.google.com/books?id=S6DeCwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2016.</cite>* <cite id="CITEREFSarig1998" class="citation cs2">Sarig, Roni (1998), The Secret History of Rock: The Most Influential Bands You\'ve Never Heard, Crown Publishing Group</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFPhilo2014" class="citation book cs1">Philo, Simon (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WqiDBQAAQBAJ">British Invasion: The Crosscurrents of Musical Influence</a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8108-8627-8</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191207030438/https://books.google.com/books?id=WqiDBQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2016.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFPrendergast2003" class="citation book cs1">Prendergast, Mark (2003). <a href="The_Ambient_Century%3A_From_Mahler_to_Moby_%E2%80%93_The_Evolution_of_Sound_in_the_Electronic_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ambient Century: From Mahler to Moby – The Evolution of Sound in the Electronic Age">The Ambient Century: From Mahler to Moby – The Evolution of Sound in the Electronic Age</a>. New York, NY: Bloomsbury. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-58234-323-3</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFPriore2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Domenic_Priore" title="Domenic Priore">Priore, Domenic</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=81YIAQAAMAAJ">Smile: The Story of Brian Wilson's Lost Masterpiece</a>. London: Sanctuary. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1860746276</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313120151/https://books.google.com/books?id=81YIAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFPrownNewquist1997" class="citation book cs1">Prown, Pete; Newquist, Harvey P. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=60Jde3l7WNwC&pg=PA78">Legends of Rock Guitar: The Essential Reference of Rock's Greatest Guitarists</a>. Hal Leonard Corporation. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7935-4042-6</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223182306/https://books.google.com/books?id=60Jde3l7WNwC&pg=PA78">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2016.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2017" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, Emily (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LAYbDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA223">The Language of Progressive Politics in Modern Britain</a>. Palgrave Macmillan UK. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-137-50664-1</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170217085403/https://books.google.com/books?id=LAYbDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA223">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRojek2011" class="citation book cs1">Rojek, Chris (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0etNdRiHWBcC&pg=PA19">Pop Music, Pop Culture</a>. Polity. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7456-4263-5</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818162403/https://books.google.com/books?id=0etNdRiHWBcC&pg=PA19">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2016.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRomano2010" class="citation book cs1">Romano, Will (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2lVMAgAAQBAJ">Mountains Come Out of the Sky: The Illustrated History of Prog Rock</a>. Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-87930-991-6</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160825112533/https://books.google.com/books?id=2lVMAgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSweers2004" class="citation cs2">Sweers, Britta (2004), Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music, New York: Oxford University Press</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFTamm1995" class="citation cs2">Tamm, Eric (1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061205060249/http://erictamm.com/tammeno.html">Brian Eno: His Music and the Vertical Color of Sound</a>, Da Capo Press, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-306-80649-5</bdi>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erictamm.com/tammeno.html">the original</a> on 5 December 2006</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWhiteley1992" class="citation book cs1">Whiteley, Sheila (1992). The Space Between the Notes: Rock and the Counter-Culture. London: Routledge.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWillis2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Paul_Willis" title="Paul Willis">Willis, Paul E.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7oWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA219">Profane Culture</a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4008-6514-7</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170224004901/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7oWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA219">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2016.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFZoppo2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zoppo, Donato (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oAThBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT121">Prog: Una suite lunga mezzo secolo</a> (in Italian). Arcana. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-88-6231-639-2</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819164420/https://books.google.com/books?id=oAThBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT121">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2016.</cite></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Lucky, Jerry. The Progressive Rock Files. Burlington, Ontario: <a href="Collector's_Guide_Publishing" title="Collector's Guide Publishing">Collector's Guide Publishing</a>, Inc (1998), 304 pages, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-896522-10-6</bdi> (paperback). Gives an overview of progressive rock's history as well as histories of the major and <a href="Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground bands</a> in the genre.</li>

<li>Lucky, Jerry. The Progressive Rock Handbook. Burlington, Ontario: Collector's Guide Publishing, Inc. (2008), 352 pages, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-894959-76-6</bdi> (paperback). Reviews hundreds of progressive rock bands and lists their recordings. Also provides an updated overview, similar to The Progressive Rock Files.</li>

<li>Snider, Charles. The Strawberry Bricks Guide to Progressive Rock, 3rd Edition. Chicago, Ill.: Kindle Direct Publishing (2020) 572 pages, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-578-48980-3</bdi> (paperback). A veritable record guide to progressive rock, with band histories, musical synopses and critical commentary, all presented in the historical context of a timeline.</li>

<li>Stump, Paul. The Music's All That Matters: A History of Progressive Rock. London: Quartet Books Limited (1997), 384 pages, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-7043-8036-6</bdi> (paperback). Smart telling of the history of progressive rock focusing on English bands with some discussion of American and European groups. Takes you from the beginning to the early 1990s.</li>

<li>Weingarten, Marc. Yes Is the Answer: (And Other Prog-Rock Tales). Barnacle Book/Rare Bird Books (2013), 280 pages, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-9854902-0-1</bdi>. Defense of the genre.</li>

<li>Yfantis, Vasileios. Is Prog Rock Really Progressive?. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (2020), 119 pages, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1548614416</bdi>. Exploring the evolution and the future of the genre.</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Rock_music522" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Beat_(music)#Backbeat" title="Beat (music)">Backbeat</a></li>

<li><a href="Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">Distortion</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">Electric guitar</a></li>

<li><a href="Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">Electric bass</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres by decade of origin (sub-subgenres not included)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Instrumental_rock" title="Instrumental rock">Instrumental rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li>

<li><a href="Surf_music" title="Surf music">Surf music</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat music</a></li>

<li><a href="Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">Blues rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Boogie_rock" title="Boogie rock">Boogie rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber pop</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_rock" title="Christian rock">Christian rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">Comedy rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_rock" title="Electronic rock">Electronic rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Flamenco_rock" title="Flamenco rock">Flamenco rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">Garage rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li>

<li><a href="Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li>

<li><a href="Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Occult_rock" title="Occult rock">Occult rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Swamp_rock" title="Swamp rock">Swamp rock</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">Arena rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Cello_rock" title="Cello rock">Cello rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Dance-rock" title="Dance-rock">Dance-rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">Heartland rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">Industrial rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a></li>

<li><a href="Power_pop" title="Power pop">Power pop</a></li>

<li><a href="Pub_rock_(Australia)" title="Pub rock (Australia)">Pub rock (Australia)</a></li>

<li><a href="Pub_rock_(United_Kingdom)" title="Pub rock (United Kingdom)">Pub rock (United Kingdom)</a></li>

<li><a href="Shock_rock" title="Shock rock">Shock rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li>

<li><a href="Yacht_rock" title="Yacht rock">Yacht rock</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li>

<li><a href="Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream pop</a></li>

<li><a href="Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li>

<li><a href="Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></li>

<li><a href="Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">Indie rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle pop</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li>

<li><a href="Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a></li>

<li><a href="Slacker_rock" title="Slacker rock">Slacker rock</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a></li>

<li><a href="Post-grunge" title="Post-grunge">Post-grunge</a></li>

<li><a href="Stoner_rock" title="Stoner rock">Stoner rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Viking_rock" title="Viking rock">Viking rock</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="American_rock" title="American rock">American</a>

<ul><li><a href="Palm_Desert_Scene" title="Palm Desert Scene">Palm Desert Scene</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_of_Canada" title="Rock music of Canada">Canadian</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Costa_Rica#Rock_music" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rican</a></li>

<li><a href="Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li>

<li><a href="Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li>

<li><a href="Haitian_rock" title="Haitian rock">Haitian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano rock</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li>

<li><a href="Brazilian_rock" title="Brazilian rock">Brazilian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li>

<li><a href="Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li>

<li><a href="Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li>

<li><a href="Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li>

<li><a href="Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li>

<li><a href="Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rock_music_in_Albania" title="Rock music in Albania">Albanian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Belarus" title="Rock music in Belarus">Belarusian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Belgium" title="Rock music in Belgium">Belgian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Rock music in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a></li>

<li><a href="British_rock_music" title="British rock music">British</a>

<ul><li><a href="British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British rock and roll</a></li>

<li><a href="Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a>

<ul><li><a href="Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Croatia#Rock" title="Music of Croatia">Croatian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Denmark" title="Rock music in Denmark">Danish</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rock music in the Netherlands">Dutch</a>

<ul><li><a href="Indorock" title="Indorock">Indorock</a></li>

<li><a href="Nederbeat" title="Nederbeat">Nederbeat</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultra_(music)" title="Ultra (music)">Ultra</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Estonia" title="Rock music in Estonia">Estonian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Finland" title="Rock music in Finland">Finnish</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_France" title="Rock music in France">French</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Germany" title="Rock music in Germany">German</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Greece" title="Rock music in Greece">Greek</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Hungary" title="Rock music in Hungary">Hungarian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Iceland" title="Rock music in Iceland">Icelandic</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Ireland" title="Rock music in Ireland">Irish</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Italy" title="Rock music in Italy">Italian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Latvia" title="Rock music in Latvia">Latvian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Lithuania" title="Rock music in Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_North_Macedonia#Rock_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Norway" title="Rock music in Norway">Norwegian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Poland" title="Rock music in Poland">Polish</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Portugal" title="Rock music in Portugal">Portuguese</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Romania" title="Rock music in Romania">Romanian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Serbia" title="Rock music in Serbia">Serbian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Slovenia" title="Rock music in Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li>

<li><a href="Popular_music_in_Sweden" title="Popular music in Sweden">Swedish</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Switzerland" title="Rock music in Switzerland">Swiss</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Ukraine" title="Rock music in Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li>

<li>Yugoslavian

<li><a href="Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Hard_rock_and_heavy_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Hard rock and heavy metal</a>

<ul><li><a href="Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Extreme_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Extreme metal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Neo-rockabilly" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Neo-rockabilly</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Armenian_rock" title="Armenian rock">Armenian</a></li>

<li><a href="Azerbaijani_rock" title="Azerbaijani rock">Azerbaijani</a></li>

<li><a href="Bangladeshi_rock" title="Bangladeshi rock">Bangladeshi</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Cambodia#Cambodian_rock_and_pop" title="Music of Cambodia">Cambodian</a> (<a href="Cambodian_rock_(1960s%E2%80%931970s)" title="Cambodian rock (1960s–1970s)">1959–1975</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Chinese_rock" title="Chinese rock">Chinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Filipino</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bisrock" title="Bisrock">Bisrock</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Indian_rock" title="Indian rock">Indian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rock_music_of_West_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock music of West Bengal">Bengali</a></li>

<li><a href="Indonesian_rock" title="Indonesian rock">Indonesian</a></li>

<li><a href="Iranian_rock" title="Iranian rock">Iranian</a></li>

<li><a href="Israeli_rock" title="Israeli rock">Israeli</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Japanese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Korean_rock" title="Korean rock">Korean</a></li>

<li><a href="Malaysian_rock" title="Malaysian rock">Malaysian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nepalese_rock" title="Nepalese rock">Nepalese</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistani_rock" title="Pakistani rock">Pakistani</a>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwanese_rock" title="Taiwanese rock">Taiwanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Turkish</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rock_music_in_Angola" title="Rock music in Angola">Angolan</a></li>

<li><a href="Desert_blues" title="Desert blues">Sahara desert region</a></li>

<li><a href="Zamrock" title="Zamrock">Zambian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rock_music_in_Australia" title="Rock music in Australia">Australian</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_in_New_Zealand" title="Rock music in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Active_rock" title="Active rock">Active rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Adult_album_alternative" title="Adult album alternative">Adult album alternative</a></li>

<li><a href="Album-oriented_rock" title="Album-oriented rock">Album-oriented rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">Classic rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Mainstream_rock" title="Mainstream rock">Mainstream rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Modern_rock" title="Modern rock">Modern rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_rock_(radio_format)" title="Progressive rock (radio format)">Progressive rock (radio format)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>History</li><li>Culture</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_years_in_rock_music" title="List of years in rock music">List of years in rock music</a></li>

<li><a href="Origins_of_rock_and_roll" title="Origins of rock and roll">Origins of rock and roll</a>

<ul><li><a href="Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Electronics_in_rock_music" title="Electronics in rock music">Electronics in rock music</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_effects_of_rock_music" title="Social effects of rock music">Social effects</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_Against_Racism" title="Rock Against Racism">Rock Against Racism</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_Against_Sexism" title="Rock Against Sexism">Rock Against Sexism</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_music_and_the_fall_of_communism" title="Rock music and the fall of communism">Rock music and the fall of communism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li>

<li><a href="Women_in_rock" title="Women in rock">Women in rock</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Beatlesque" title="Beatlesque">Beatlesque</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_rock_genres" title="List of rock genres">List of rock genres</a></li>

<li><a href="Motorik" title="Motorik">Motorik</a></li>

<li><a href="Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_concert" title="Rock concert">Rock concert</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_festival" title="Rock festival">Rock festival</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_musical" title="Rock musical">Rock musical</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">Rock opera</a></li>

<li><a href="Wagnerian_rock" title="Wagnerian rock">Wagnerian rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li>Category</li>

<li><a href="Portal%3ARock_music" title="Portal:Rock music">Portal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Progressive_music235" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Progressive_music235" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style and subgenre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Progressive_country" title="Progressive country">Country</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">Metal</a>

<ul><li><a href="Djent" title="Djent">Djent</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_metalcore" title="Progressive metalcore">Metalcore</a></li></ul></li>

<li>

<ul><li><a href="Avant-prog" title="Avant-prog">Avant-prog</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related genres/scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Canterbury_scene" title="Canterbury scene">Canterbury scene</a></li>

<li><a href="Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental pop</a></li>

<li><a href="Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Experimental_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental metal">Experimental metal</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligent_dance_music" title="Intelligent dance music">Intelligent dance music</a></li>

<li><a href="Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_house" title="Progressive house">Progressive house</a></li>

<li><a href="Proto-prog" title="Proto-prog">Proto-prog</a></li>

<li><a href="Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition">Rock in Opposition</a></li>

<li><a href="Windmill_scene" title="Windmill scene">Windmill scene</a></li>

<li><a href="Zeuhl" title="Zeuhl">Zeuhl</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Auteur#Popular_music" title="Auteur">Auteurism</a></li>

<li><a href="Eclecticism_in_music" title="Eclecticism in music">Eclecticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Formalism_(art)" title="Formalism (art)">Formalism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Official_Progressive_Albums_Chart" title="Official Progressive Albums Chart">Official Progressive Albums Chart</a></li>

<li><a href="Prog_(magazine)" title="Prog (magazine)">Prog (magazine)</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_rock_(radio_format)" title="Progressive rock (radio format)">Progressive rock (radio format)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Art_music" title="Art music">Art music</a></li>

<li><a href="Concept_album" title="Concept album">Concept album</a>

<li><a href="Contemporary_classical_music" title="Contemporary classical music">Contemporary classical music</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">Psychedelic music</a></li>

<li><a href="Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic music</a></li>

<li><a href="Recording_studio_as_an_instrument" title="Recording studio as an instrument">Recording studio as an instrument</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_progressive_rock" title="Timeline of progressive rock">Timeline of progressive rock</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div>

<ul><li> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jazz351" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: Pink"><div id="Jazz351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_jazz" title="Outline of jazz">Outline of jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Musical_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">Improvisation</a>

<li><a href="Jam_session" title="Jam session">Jam session</a></li>

<li><a href="Scat_singing" title="Scat singing">Scat singing</a></li>

<li><a href="Swing_(jazz_performance_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing (jazz performance style)">Swing performance</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_drumming" title="Jazz drumming">Jazz drumming</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_guitar" title="Jazz guitar">Jazz guitar</a></li>

<li><a href="French_horn_in_jazz" title="French horn in jazz">French horn in jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_piano" title="Jazz piano">Jazz piano</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_trombone" title="Jazz trombone">Jazz trombone</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_violin" title="Jazz violin">Jazz violin</a></li>

<li><a href="Vocal_jazz" title="Vocal jazz">Vocal jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Women_in_jazz" title="Women in jazz">Women in jazz</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="List_of_jazz_genres" title="List of jazz genres">Genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Avant-garde_jazz" title="Avant-garde jazz">Avant-garde jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Bebop" title="Bebop">Bebop</a>

<li><a href="Chamber_jazz" title="Chamber jazz">Chamber jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Dixieland_jazz" title="Dixieland jazz">Dixieland</a></li>

<li><a href="Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_improvisation" title="Free improvisation">Free improvisation</a></li>

<li><a href="Gypsy_jazz" title="Gypsy jazz">Gypsy jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">Jazz fusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a>

<ul><li><a href="Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mainstream_jazz" title="Mainstream jazz">Mainstream jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a></li>

<li><a href="Modal_jazz" title="Modal jazz">Modal jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Orchestral_jazz" title="Orchestral jazz">Orchestral jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Organ_trio" title="Organ trio">Organ trio</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive jazz">Progressive jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Samba-jazz" title="Samba-jazz">Samba-jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">Smooth jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Spiritual_jazz" title="Spiritual jazz">Spiritual jazz</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sacred_jazz" title="Sacred jazz">Sacred jazz</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Stride_(music)" title="Stride (music)">Stride</a></li>

<li><a href="Swing_music" title="Swing music">Swing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Swing_revival" title="Swing revival">Swing revival</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Third_stream" title="Third stream">Third stream</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="List_of_jazz_musicians" title="List of jazz musicians">Musicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_jazz_bassists" title="List of jazz bassists">Bassists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jazz_musicians#Clarinet" title="List of jazz musicians">Clarinetists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jazz_drummers" title="List of jazz drummers">Drummers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jazz_guitarists" title="List of jazz guitarists">Guitarists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jazz_organists" title="List of jazz organists">Organists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jazz_percussionists" title="List of jazz percussionists">Percussionists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jazz_pianists" title="List of jazz pianists">Pianists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jazz_saxophonists" title="List of jazz saxophonists">Saxophonists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jazz_trombonists" title="List of jazz trombonists">Trombonists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jazz_trumpeters" title="List of jazz trumpeters">Trumpeters</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_vibraphonists" title="List of vibraphonists">Vibraphonists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jazz_violinists" title="List of jazz violinists">Violinists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jazz_vocalists" title="List of jazz vocalists">Vocalists</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Musicians by genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_bebop_musicians" title="List of bebop musicians">Bebop</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_chamber_jazz_musicians" title="List of chamber jazz musicians">Chamber jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_cool_jazz_and_West_Coast_jazz_musicians" title="List of cool jazz and West Coast jazz musicians">Cool jazz and West Coast jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jazz_fusion_musicians" title="List of jazz fusion musicians">Jazz fusion</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_smooth_jazz_musicians" title="List of smooth jazz musicians">Smooth jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_swing_musicians" title="List of swing musicians">Swing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="Jazz_standard" title="Jazz standard">Standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Discographies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bethlehem_Records" title="Bethlehem Records">Bethlehem</a></li>

<li><a href="Cobblestone_Records" title="Cobblestone Records">Cobblestone</a></li>

<li><a href="Contemporary_Records" title="Contemporary Records">Contemporary</a></li>

<li><a href="Flying_Dutchman_Records" title="Flying Dutchman Records">Flying Dutchman</a></li>

<li><a href="Freedom_Records" title="Freedom Records">Freedom</a></li>

<li><a href="Groove_Merchant" title="Groove Merchant">Groove Merchant</a></li>

<li><a href="Impulse!_Records_discography" title="Impulse! Records discography">Impulse!</a></li>

<li><a href="India_Navigation" title="India Navigation">India Navigation</a></li>

<li><a href="Landmark_Records" title="Landmark Records">Landmark</a></li>

<li><a href="Mainstream_Records" title="Mainstream Records">Mainstream</a></li>

<li><a href="Milestone_Records_discography" title="Milestone Records discography">Milestone</a></li>

<li><a href="MPS_Records" title="MPS Records">MPS Records</a></li>

<li><a href="Prestige_Records_discography" title="Prestige Records discography">Prestige</a></li>

<li><a href="Riverside_Records_discography" title="Riverside Records discography">Riverside</a></li>

<li><a href="Strata-East_Records" title="Strata-East Records">Strata-East</a></li>

<li><a href="Verve_Records_discography" title="Verve Records discography">Verve</a></li>

<li><a href="Winter_%26_Winter_Records" title="Winter & Winter Records">Winter & Winter</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="List_of_jazz_festivals" title="List of jazz festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Beaches_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Beaches International Jazz Festival">Beaches (Toronto)</a></li>

<li><a href="Chicago_Jazz_Festival" title="Chicago Jazz Festival">Chicago</a></li>

<li><a href="Copenhagen_Jazz_Festival" title="Copenhagen Jazz Festival">Copenhagen</a></li>

<li><a href="Detroit_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Detroit International Jazz Festival">Detroit</a></li>

<li><a href="Jakarta_International_Java_Jazz_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival">Jakarta</a></li>

<li><a href="Monterey_Jazz_Festival" title="Monterey Jazz Festival">Monterey</a></li>

<li><a href="Montreal_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreal International Jazz Festival">Montreal</a></li>

<li><a href="Montreux_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreux Jazz Festival">Montreux</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Orleans_Jazz_%26_Heritage_Festival" title="New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival">New Orleans</a></li>

<li><a href="Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport</a></li>

<li><a href="North_Sea_Jazz_Festival" title="North Sea Jazz Festival">North Sea</a></li>

<li><a href="Saint_Lucia_Jazz_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lucia Jazz Festival">Saint Lucia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_jazz_contrafacts" title="List of jazz contrafacts">Contrafacts</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jazz_institutions_and_organizations" title="List of jazz institutions and organizations">Institutions and organizations</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_funeral" title="Jazz funeral">Jazz funeral</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_poetry" title="Jazz poetry">Jazz poetry</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_royalty" title="Jazz royalty">Jazz royalty</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_harmony" title="Jazz harmony">Jazz theory</a>

<ul><li>See Template: Jazz theory</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Rare_groove" title="Rare groove">Rare groove</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_line_(parades)" title="Second line (parades)">Second line</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jazz_venues" title="List of jazz venues">Venues</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ethio-jazz" title="Ethio-jazz">Ethiopia</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Malawi#Malawian_jazz" title="Music of Malawi">Malawian</a></li>

<li><a href="South_African_jazz" title="South African jazz">South African</a>

<li><a href="Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Zimbabwean_jazz" title="Zimbabwean jazz">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Asian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Armenian_jazz" title="Armenian jazz">Armenian</a></li>

<li><a href="Azerbaijani_jazz" title="Azerbaijani jazz">Azerbaijani</a>

<ul><li><a href="Jazz_mugham" title="Jazz mugham">Jazz mugham</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_in_China" title="Jazz in China">Chinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_in_India" title="Jazz in India">Indian</a>

<li><a href="Sitar_in_jazz" title="Sitar in jazz">Sitar</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Iranian_jazz" title="Iranian jazz">Iranian</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_jazz" title="Japanese jazz">Japanese</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Balkan_jazz" title="Balkan jazz">Balkan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bulgarian_jazz" title="Bulgarian jazz">Bulgarian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Belgian_jazz" title="Belgian jazz">Belgian</a></li>

<li><a href="British_jazz" title="British jazz">British</a>

<ul><li><a href="British_dance_band" title="British dance band">British dance band</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Continental_jazz" title="Continental jazz">Continental European</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_in_Czechoslovakia" title="Jazz in Czechoslovakia">Czech and Slovak</a></li>

<li><a href="Danish_jazz" title="Danish jazz">Danish</a></li>

<li><a href="Dutch_jazz" title="Dutch jazz">Dutch</a></li>

<li><a href="European_free_jazz" title="European free jazz">European free jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="French_jazz" title="French jazz">French</a></li>

<li><a href="German_jazz" title="German jazz">German</a></li>

<li><a href="Italian_jazz" title="Italian jazz">Italian</a></li>

<li><a href="Polish_jazz" title="Polish jazz">Polish</a>

<li><a href="Russian_jazz" title="Russian jazz">Russian</a></li>

<li><a href="Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish</a>

<ul><li><a href="Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Swedish_jazz" title="Swedish jazz">Swedish</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">North American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Canadian_jazz" title="Canadian jazz">Canadian</a></li>

<li><a href="Mini-jazz" title="Mini-jazz">Haitian</a></li>

<li><a href="Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin American</a>

<ul><li><a href="Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Cuban</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="American8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Music_of_Baltimore#Jazz" title="Music of Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Chicago#Jazz" title="Music of Chicago">Chicago</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Detroit#Jazz" title="Music of Detroit">Detroit</a></li>

<li><a href="Kansas_City_jazz" title="Kansas City jazz">Kansas City</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_New_Orleans#Jazz" title="Music of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Washington%2C_D.C.#Jazz" title="Music of Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li>

<li><a href="West_Coast_jazz" title="West Coast jazz">West Coast</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Oceanian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Australian_jazz" title="Australian jazz">Australian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">South American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Brazilian_jazz" title="Brazilian jazz">Brazilian</a></li>

<li><a href="Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin American</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Worldwide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ethno_jazz" title="Ethno jazz">Ethno jazz</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bibliography_of_jazz" title="Bibliography of jazz">Bibliography of jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li>

<li><a href="British_dance_band" title="British dance band">British dance band</a></li>

<li><a href="Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></li>

<li><a href="Continental_jazz" title="Continental jazz">Continental jazz</a></li>

<li><a href="Straight-ahead_jazz" title="Straight-ahead jazz">Straight-ahead jazz</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat">Afrobeat</a></li>

<li><a href="Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a></li>

<li><a href="Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a>

<ul><li><a href="Jump_blues" title="Jump blues">Jump blues</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Orleans_blues" title="New Orleans blues">New Orleans blues</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Brass_band" title="Brass band">Brass band</a></li>

<li><a href="Exotica" title="Exotica">Exotica</a></li>

<li><a href="Plugg_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plugg (music)">Plugg</a></li>

<li><a href="Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">Quiet storm</a></li>

<li><a href="Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a>

<ul><li><a href="Novelty_piano" title="Novelty piano">Novelty ragtime</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_West_Africa" title="Music of West Africa">West African music</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Album_covers_of_Blue_Note_Records" title="Album covers of Blue Note Records">Album covers of Blue Note Records</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_(miniseries)" title="Jazz (miniseries)">Jazz (miniseries)</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a></li>

<li><a href="Round_Midnight_(film)" title="Round Midnight (film)">Round Midnight</a></li>

<li><a href="Thelonious_Monk%3A_Straight%2C_No_Chaser" title="Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser">Straight, No Chaser</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: Pink"><div> <a href="Portal%3AJazz" title="Portal:Jazz">Jazz portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Folk_and_indigenous_music341" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Folk_and_indigenous_music341" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk and indigenous music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Music on the World Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types and subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">By subject or function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ballad" title="Ballad">Ballads</a>

<ul><li><a href="Child_Ballads" title="Child Ballads">Child</a></li>

<li><a href="Murder_ballad" title="Murder ballad">Murder</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carols</a>

<ul><li><a href="Christmas_carol" title="Christmas carol">Christmas carol</a></li>

<li><a href="Koliadka" title="Koliadka">Koliadka</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Children's_music" title="Children's music">Children's</a></li>

<li><a href="Dance_music" title="Dance music">Dance music</a></li>

<li><a href="Drinking_song" title="Drinking song">Drinking song</a></li>

<li><a href="Protest_song" title="Protest song">Protest song</a>

<li><a href="Sea_shanty" title="Sea shanty">Sea shanties</a></li>

<li><a href="Sporting_song" title="Sporting song">Sporting song</a></li>

<li><a href="War_song" title="War song">War songs</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Fusions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="American_primitive_guitar" title="American primitive guitar">American primitive guitar</a></li>

<li><a href="Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li>

<li><a href="Country_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Country folk">Country folk</a></li>

<li><a href="Dangdut" title="Dangdut">Dangdut</a>

<ul><li><a href="Koplo" title="Koplo">Koplo</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li>

<li><a href="Folk_baroque" title="Folk baroque">Folk baroque</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a></li>

<li><a href="Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a>

<ul><li><a href="Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a>

<ul><li><a href="Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li>

<li><a href="Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Folktronica" title="Folktronica">Folktronica</a></li>

<li><a href="Indie_folk" title="Indie folk">Indie folk</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_folk_music" title="Industrial folk music">Industrial folk</a></li>

<li><a href="Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">Medieval folk rock</a>

<ul><li><a href="Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mui%C3%B1eira" title="Muiñeira">Muiñeira</a></li>

<li><a href="Neofolk" title="Neofolk">Neofolk</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychedelic_folk" title="Psychedelic folk">Psychedelic folk</a>

<ul><li><a href="Freak_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Freak folk">Freak folk</a>

<ul><li><a href="New_Weird_America" title="New Weird America">New Weird America</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">Progressive folk</a></li>

<li><a href="Skiffle" title="Skiffle">Skiffle</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamang_Selo" title="Tamang Selo">Tamang Selo</a></li>

<li><a href="Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_folk_music_traditions" title="List of folk music traditions">Regional traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="North_America441" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="List_of_North_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of North American folk music traditions">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Central_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Central American folk music traditions">Central America</a>

<ul><li><a href="Music_of_Mexico#Traditional_folk_music" title="Music of Mexico">Mexican</a>

<ul><li><a href="Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a></li>

<li><a href="Son_calentano" title="Son calentano">Son calentano</a></li>

<li><a href="Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">Son jarocho</a></li>

<li><a href="Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">Son huasteco</a></li>

<li><a href="Tierra_Caliente_music" title="Tierra Caliente music">Tierra Caliente</a></li>

<li><a href="Yaqui_music" title="Yaqui music">Yaqui</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Panama#Folk_music" title="Music of Panama">Panamanian</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="Indigenous_music_of_North_America" title="Indigenous music of North America">Indigenous North American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Canadian</a></li>

<li><a href="Arapaho_music" title="Arapaho music">Arapaho</a></li>

<li><a href="Blackfeet_music" title="Blackfeet music">Blackfeet</a></li>

<li><a href="Inuit_music" title="Inuit music">Inuit</a></li>

<li><a href="Iroquois_music" title="Iroquois music">Iroquois</a></li>

<li><a href="Kiowa_music" title="Kiowa music">Kiowa</a></li>

<li><a href="Kwakwaka'wakw_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwakwaka'wakw music">Kwakwaka'wakw</a></li>

<li><a href="M%C3%A9tis_fiddle" title="Métis fiddle">Métis</a></li>

<li><a href="Navajo_music" title="Navajo music">Navajo</a></li>

<li><a href="Pueblo_music" title="Pueblo music">Pueblo</a></li>

<li><a href="Seminole_music" title="Seminole music">Seminole</a></li>

<li><a href="Sioux_music" title="Sioux music">Sioux</a></li>

<li><a href="Yaqui_music" title="Yaqui music">Yaqui</a></li>

<li><a href="Yuman_music" title="Yuman music">Yuman</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Appalachian_music" title="Appalachian music">Appalachian</a>

<li><a href="American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">Folk revival</a> (1950s–60s)</li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Hawaii#Folk_music" title="Music of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico</a></li>

<li><a href="Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="African-American_music" title="African-American music">African-American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Dixieland_jazz" title="Dixieland jazz">Dixieland</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></li>

<li><a href="Spiritual_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual (music)">Spirituals</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Americana_music" title="Americana music">Americana</a>

<ul><li><a href="Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li>

<li><a href="Country_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Country folk">Country folk</a></li>

<li><a href="Country_pop" title="Country pop">Country pop</a></li>

<li><a href="Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Honky-tonk" title="Honky-tonk">Honky-tonk</a></li>

<li><a href="Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li>

<li><a href="Southern_soul" title="Southern soul">Southern soul</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="Canadian_folk_music" title="Canadian folk music">Canadian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Canadian_fiddle" title="Canadian fiddle">Canadian fiddle</a></li>

<li><a href="Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Indigenous</a>

<li><a href="Inuit_music" title="Inuit music">Inuit</a></li>

<li><a href="M%C3%A9tis_fiddle" title="Métis fiddle">Métis</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Canadian_cultures" title="Music of Canadian cultures">by ethnocultural group</a>

<ul><li><a href="Celtic_music_in_Canada" title="Celtic music in Canada">Celtic</a></li>

<li><a href="French-Canadian_music" title="French-Canadian music">French</a></li></ul></li>

<li>by region

<ul><li><a href="Music_of_Canada's_Prairie_Provinces" title="Music of Canada's Prairie Provinces">Prairies</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Quebec" title="Music of Quebec">Québécois</a>

<ul><li><a href="Quebec_fiddle" title="Quebec fiddle">Quebec fiddle</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_the_Maritimes" title="Music of the Maritimes">Maritime</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cape_Breton_fiddling" title="Cape Breton fiddling">Cape Breton fiddling</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="List_of_Caribbean_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Caribbean folk music traditions">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cuban_folk_music" title="Cuban folk music">Cuban</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Haiti#Folk_music" title="Music of Haiti">Haitian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kontradans" title="Kontradans">Kontradans</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Jamaican_folk_music" title="Jamaican folk music">Jamaican</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mento" title="Mento">Mento</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Folk_traditions" title="Music of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cariso" title="Cariso">Cariso</a></li>

<li><a href="Chutney_music" title="Chutney music">Chutney</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chutney_parang" title="Chutney parang">Chutney parang</a></li>

<li><a href="Chutney_soca" title="Chutney soca">Chutney soca</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kaiso" title="Kaiso">Kaiso</a></li>

<li><a href="Parang_(folk_music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parang (folk music)">Parang</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="List_of_South_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of South American folk music traditions">South American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Music_of_Brazil#Indigenous_and_folk_music" title="Music of Brazil">Brazilian</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Chile#Chilean_folk_music" title="Music of Chile">Chilean</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Venezuela#Folk" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuelan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gaita_zuliana" title="Gaita zuliana">Gaita zuliana</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="List_of_Oceanic_and_Australian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Oceanic and Australian folk music traditions">Oceanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Music_of_Australia#Folk_music" title="Music of Australia">Australian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Australian_folk_music" title="Australian folk music">White Australian</a></li>

<li><a href="Indigenous_Australian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian music">Indigenous Australian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Music of the Cook Islands">Cook Islander</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">Easter Islander</a></li>

<li><a href="Maori_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Maori music">Maori</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Music of the Marshall Islands">Marshallese</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinean</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Samoan</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_the_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islander</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Tahiti" title="Music of Tahiti">Tahitian</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tongan</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvaluan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="List_of_Asian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Asian folk music traditions">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Music_of_Bangladesh#Folk_music" title="Music of Bangladesh">Bangladeshi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bhawaiya" title="Bhawaiya">Bhawaiya</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Bhutan#Folk_music" title="Music of Bhutan">Bhutanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Toi_music" title="Toi music">Central Asian</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_traditional_music" title="Chinese traditional music">Chinese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Guangdong_music_(genre)" title="Guangdong music (genre)">Cantonese</a></li>

<li><a href="Hakka_hill_song" title="Hakka hill song">Hakka</a></li>

<li><a href="Jiangnan_sizhu" title="Jiangnan sizhu">Jingnan</a></li>

<li><a href="Teochew_string_music" title="Teochew string music">Teochew</a></li>

<li><a href="Zhongguo_feng_(music)" title="Zhongguo feng (music)">Zhongguo feng</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Philippine_folk_music" title="Philippine folk music">Filipino</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bodabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodabil">Bodabil</a></li>

<li><a href="Kundiman" title="Kundiman">Kundiman</a></li>

<li><a href="Manila_sound" title="Manila sound">Manila sound</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Indian_folk_music" title="Indian folk music">Indian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kamrupi_Lokgeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamrupi Lokgeet">Kamrupi Lokgeet</a></li>

<li><a href="Rasiya" title="Rasiya">Rasiya</a></li>

<li><a href="Sanedo" title="Sanedo">Sanedo</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Indonesia#Folk_music" title="Music of Indonesia">Indonesian</a></li>

<li><a href="Traditional_Japanese_music" title="Traditional Japanese music">Japanese</a>

<li><a href="Traditional_music_of_Korea" title="Traditional music of Korea">Korean</a>

<li><a href="Music_of_Mongolia#Folk_music" title="Music of Mongolia">Mongolian</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Nepal#Folk_music" title="Music of Nepal">Nepalese</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistani_folk_music" title="Pakistani folk music">Pakistani</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Vietnam#Folk_music" title="Music of Vietnam">Vietnamese</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="List_of_European_folk_music_traditions" title="List of European folk music traditions">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alpine_folk_music" title="Alpine folk music">Alpine</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Austria#Folk_music" title="Music of Austria">Austrian</a></li>

<li><a href="Narodna_muzika" class="mw-redirect" title="Narodna muzika">Balkan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Music_of_Albania#Folk_music" title="Music of Albania">Albanian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Folk_music" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian and Herzegovinan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sevdalinka" title="Sevdalinka">Sevdalinka</a></li>

<li><a href="Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Bulgaria#Folk_music" title="Music of Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chalga" title="Chalga">Chalga</a></li>

<li><a href="Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Croatia#Folk_music" title="Music of Croatia">Croatian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Greek_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek folk music">Greek</a>

<ul><li><a href="La%C3%AFko" title="Laïko">Laïko</a></li>

<li><a href="Rebetiko" title="Rebetiko">Rebetiko</a></li>

<li><a href="Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Italian_folk_music" title="Italian folk music">Italian</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Kosovo#Folk_music" title="Music of Kosovo">Kosovan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Culture_of_Montenegro#Music" title="Culture of Montenegro">Montenegrin</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_North_Macedonia#Folk_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a>

<ul><li><a href="%C4%8Calgija" title="Čalgija">Čalgija</a></li>

<li><a href="Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Romani_music" title="Romani music">Romani</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Romania#Folk_music" title="Music of Romania">Romanian</a>

<ul><li><a href="L%C4%83ut%C4%83reasc%C4%83_music" title="Lăutărească music">Lăutărească music</a></li>

<li><a href="Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Serbian_folk_music" title="Serbian folk music">Serbian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Balkan_brass" title="Balkan brass">Balkan brass</a></li>

<li><a href="Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li>

<li><a href="Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Slovenia#Folk_music" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li>

<li><a href="Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anatolian_blues" title="Anatolian blues">Anatolian blues</a></li>

<li><a href="Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Arabesque_(Turkish_music)" title="Arabesque (Turkish music)">Arabesque</a></li>

<li><a href="Fantezi" title="Fantezi">Fantezi</a></li>

<li><a href="Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Belarus#Folk_music" title="Music of Belarus">Belarusian</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Breton</a></li>

<li><a href="Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Celtic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Celtic_fusion" title="Celtic fusion">Celtic fusion</a>

<ul><li><a href="Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li>

<li><a href="Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li>

<li><a href="Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Czech_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech folk music">Czech</a>

<ul><li><a href="Moravian_traditional_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian traditional music">Moravian</a></li>

<li><a href="Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Danish_traditional_music" title="Danish traditional music">Danish</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_the_Netherlands#Folk_music" title="Music of the Netherlands">Dutch</a></li>

<li><a href="English_folk_music" title="English folk music">English</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li>

<li><a href="Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">Morris dance</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Estonia#Folk_music" title="Music of Estonia">Estonian</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Finland#Folk_music" title="Music of Finland">Finnish</a></li>

<li><a href="French_folk_music" title="French folk music">French</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Germany#Folk_music" title="Music of Germany">German</a></li>

<li><a href="Hungarian_folk_music" title="Hungarian folk music">Hungarian</a></li>

<li><a href="Icelandic_folk_music" title="Icelandic folk music">Icelandic</a></li>

<li><a href="Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic folk music</a></li>

<li><a href="Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Latvia#Folk_music" title="Music of Latvia">Latvian</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Lithuania#Folk_music" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Malta#Folk_music" title="Music of Malta">Maltese</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Norway#Folk_music" title="Music of Norway">Norwegian</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Poland#Traditional_folk_music" title="Music of Poland">Polish</a></li>

<li><a href="Pontic_Greek_music" title="Pontic Greek music">Pontic Greek</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Portugal#Folk_music" title="Music of Portugal">Portuguese</a></li>

<li><a href="Russian_folk_music#Authentic_folk_music" title="Russian folk music">Russian</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Slovenia#Folk_music" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Spain#Folk_music" title="Music of Spain">Spanish</a></li>

<li><a href="Swedish_folk_music" title="Swedish folk music">Swedish</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Switzerland#Folk_music" title="Music of Switzerland">Swiss</a></li>

<li><a href="Ukrainian_folk_music" title="Ukrainian folk music">Ukrainian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cossack_songs" title="Cossack songs">Cossack</a></li>

<li><a href="Dumka_(musical_genre)" title="Dumka (musical genre)">Dumka</a></li>

<li><a href="Vesnianky" title="Vesnianky">Vesnianky</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Welsh_folk_music" title="Welsh folk music">Welsh</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="List_of_Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_folk_music_traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Middle Eastern and North African folk music traditions">Middle Eastern and North African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Armenian_folk_music" title="Armenian folk music">Armenian</a></li>

<li><a href="Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a></li>

<li><a href="Azerbaijani_folk_music" title="Azerbaijani folk music">Azerbaijani</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Egypt#Folk_and_roots_revival" title="Music of Egypt">Egyptian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Fantezi" title="Fantezi">Fantezi</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Iranian_folk_music" title="Iranian folk music">Iranian</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Israel#Land_of_Israel_style" title="Music of Israel">Israeli</a>

<ul><li><a href="Klezmer" title="Klezmer">Klezmer</a></li>

<li><a href="Mizrahi_music" title="Mizrahi music">Mizrahi music</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pontic_Greek_music" title="Pontic Greek music">Pontic Greek</a></li>

<li><a href="Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anatolian_blues" title="Anatolian blues">Anatolian blues</a></li>

<li><a href="Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Arabesque_(Turkish_music)" title="Arabesque (Turkish music)">Arabesque</a></li>

<li><a href="Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Contemporary_folk_music" title="Contemporary folk music">20th-century Western folk music</a></li>

<li><a href="Acoustic_music" title="Acoustic music">Acoustic music</a></li>

<li><a href="Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li>

<li>Festivals</li>

<li><a href="Folk_club" title="Folk club">Folk clubs</a></li>

<li><a href="Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk dance</a></li>

<li><a href="Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">Instruments</a></li>

<li>List

<ul><li><a href="List_of_folk_song_collections" title="List of folk song collections">Collections</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_folk_songs_by_Roud_number" title="List of folk songs by Roud number">Roud number</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_the_Child_Ballads" title="List of the Child Ballads">Child</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Malcolm_Laws" title="George Malcolm Laws">Laws numbers</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li>

<li><a href="Pub_session" title="Pub session">Pub session</a></li>

<li>Record labels</li>

<li><a href="Roots_revival" title="Roots revival">Roots revival</a></li>

<li><a href="World_music" title="World music">World music</a>

<ul><li><a href="Worldbeat" title="Worldbeat">Worldbeat</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="History_of_music" title="History of music">History of music</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Western_classical_music777" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Western_classical_music777" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Classical_music" title="Classical music">Western classical music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Definition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Art_music" title="Art music">Art music</a></li>

<li><a href="Dates_of_classical_music_eras" title="Dates of classical music eras">Dates of eras</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major periods and eras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Early_music" title="Early music">Early music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">Medieval</a></li>

<li><a href="Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Transition_from_Renaissance_to_Baroque_in_instrumental_music" title="Transition from Renaissance to Baroque in instrumental music">Transition to Baroque</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Common_practice_period" title="Common practice period">Common practice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque</a>

<ul><li><a href="Galant_music" title="Galant music">Galant</a></li>

<li><a href="Empfindsamkeit_(music)" title="Empfindsamkeit (music)">Empfindsamkeit</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Classical_period_(music)" title="Classical period (music)">Classical</a>

<ul><li><a href="Transition_from_Classical_to_Romantic_music" title="Transition from Classical to Romantic music">Transition to Romantic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Post-romanticism" title="Post-romanticism">Post-romanticism</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Neue_Musik" title="Neue Musik">New music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Modernism</a></li>

<li><a href="Contemporary_classical_music" title="Contemporary classical music">Contemporary</a></li>

<li><a href="20th-century_classical_music" title="20th-century classical music">20th-century</a></li>

<li><a href="21st-century_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="21st-century classical music">21st-century</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Classical_music_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical music in Australia">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Brazil#Art_music" title="Music of Brazil">Brazil</a>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_classical_music_in_Porto_Alegre" title="History of classical music in Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Canadian_classical_music" title="Canadian classical music">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="French_classical_music" title="French classical music">France</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Germany#Classical_music" title="Music of Germany">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Classical_music_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical music in Ireland">Ireland</a></li>

<li><a href="Italian_classical_music" title="Italian classical music">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="Classical_music_in_Kosovo" title="Classical music in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li>

<li><a href="Russian_classical_music" title="Russian classical music">Russia</a></li>

<li><a href="Classical_music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Classical music of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>

<ul><li><a href="Classical_music_of_Birmingham" title="Classical music of Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Classical_music_of_the_United_States" title="Classical music of the United States">United States</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Students by teacher</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Concert" title="Concert">Concert</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_classical_music_concerts_with_an_unruly_audience_response" title="List of classical music concerts with an unruly audience response">Unruly audience response</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Conducting" title="Conducting">Conducting</a></li>

<li><a href="Musical_ensemble" title="Musical ensemble">Musical ensemble</a></li>

<li><a href="Orchestra" title="Orchestra">Orchestra</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Avant-garde_music" title="Avant-garde music">Avant-garde</a></li>

<li><a href="Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque pop</a></li>

<li><a href="Classical_music_blog" title="Classical music blog">Classical music blog</a></li>

<li><a href="Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_music" title="Light music">Light music</a></li>

<li><a href="New-age_music" title="New-age music">New-age music</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></li>

<li><a href="Soundtrack" title="Soundtrack">Soundtrack</a>

<ul><li><a href="Film_score" title="Film score">Film score</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_game_music" title="Video game music">Video game music</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Third_stream" title="Third stream">Third stream</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions" title="List of classical and art music traditions">Worldwide traditions</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Classical_music_lists" title="Classical music lists">Lists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_classical_music_genres" title="List of classical music genres">Genres</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_classical_music_composers_by_era" title="List of classical music composers by era">Composers by era</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_classical_music_festivals" title="List of classical music festivals">Festivals</a></li></ul>

<ul><li> <a href="Outline_of_classical_music" title="Outline of classical music">Outline</a></li>

<li> Category</li>

<li> <a href="Portal%3AClassical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li>

<li> WikiProject</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hippies232" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="Hippies232" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Hippie" title="Hippie">Hippies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="History_of_the_hippie_movement" title="History of the hippie movement">History of the hippie movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Etymology_of_hippie" title="Etymology of hippie">Etymology</a></li>

<li><a href="Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">Beat Generation</a>/<a href="Beatnik" title="Beatnik">Beatniks</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_Park_be-ins" title="Central Park be-ins">Central Park be-ins</a></li>

<li><a href="Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li>

<li><a href="Red_Dog_Experience" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Dog Experience">Red Dog Experience</a></li>

<li><a href="San_Francisco_sound" title="San Francisco sound">San Francisco sound</a></li>

<li><a href="Sunset_Strip_curfew_riots" title="Sunset Strip curfew riots">Sunset Strip curfew riots</a></li>

<li><a href="Love_Pageant_Rally" title="Love Pageant Rally">Love Pageant Rally</a></li>

<li><a href="Haight-Ashbury" title="Haight-Ashbury">Haight-Ashbury</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_Be-In" title="Human Be-In">Human Be-In</a></li>

<li><a href="Mantra-Rock_Dance" title="Mantra-Rock Dance">Mantra-Rock Dance</a></li>

<li><a href="Summer_of_Love" title="Summer of Love">Summer of Love</a></li>

<li><a href="Fantasy_Fair_and_Magic_Mountain_Music_Festival" title="Fantasy Fair and Magic Mountain Music Festival">Fantasy Fair</a></li>

<li><a href="Monterey_International_Pop_Festival" title="Monterey International Pop Festival">Monterey Pop Festival</a></li>

<li><a href="Newport_Pop_Festival" title="Newport Pop Festival">Newport Pop Festival</a></li>

<li><a href="Sky_River_Rock_Festival" title="Sky River Rock Festival">Sky River Rock Festival</a></li>

<li><a href="People's_Park_(Berkeley)" title="People's Park (Berkeley)">People's Park</a></li>

<li><a href="Woodstock" title="Woodstock">Woodstock</a></li>

<li><a href="Glastonbury_Festival" title="Glastonbury Festival">Glastonbury Festival</a></li>

<li><a href="Piedra_Roja_(festival)" title="Piedra Roja (festival)">Piedra Roja</a></li>

<li><a href="Festival_Rock_y_Ruedas_de_Av%C3%A1ndaro" title="Festival Rock y Ruedas de Avándaro">Festival Rock y Ruedas de Avándaro</a></li>

<li><a href="Nambassa" title="Nambassa">Nambassa</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">People and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Merry_Pranksters" title="Merry Pranksters">Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters</a>

<ul><li><a href="Acid_Tests" title="Acid Tests">Acid Tests</a></li>

<li><a href="Furthur_(bus)" title="Furthur (bus)">Furthur bus</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Electrohippies" title="Electrohippies">Electrohippies</a></li>

<li><a href="Diggers_(theater)" title="Diggers (theater)">Diggers</a></li>

<li><a href="San_Francisco_Oracle" title="San Francisco Oracle">San Francisco Oracle</a></li>

<li><a href="Haight_Ashbury_Free_Clinic" title="Haight Ashbury Free Clinic">Haight Ashbury Free Clinic</a></li>

<li><a href="Haight-Ashbury_Switchboard" title="Haight-Ashbury Switchboard">Haight-Ashbury Switchboard</a></li>

<li><a href="Youth_International_Party" title="Youth International Party">Yippies</a></li>

<li><a href="Wavy_Gravy" title="Wavy Gravy">Wavy Gravy</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Brotherhood_of_Eternal_Love" title="The Brotherhood of Eternal Love">The Brotherhood of Eternal Love</a></li>

<li><a href="Rainbow_Family" title="Rainbow Family">Rainbow Family</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Politics and ethics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Back-to-the-land_movement" title="Back-to-the-land movement">Back-to-the-land movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li>

<li><a href="Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Counterculture" title="Counterculture">Counterculture</a></li>

<li><a href="Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">Bohemianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Culture and fashion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Psychedelia" title="Psychedelia">Psychedelia</a></li>

<li><a href="Flower_power" title="Flower power">Flower power</a></li>

<li><a href="Hippie_trail" title="Hippie trail">Hippie trail</a></li>

<li><a href="Hippie_exploitation_films" title="Hippie exploitation films">Hippie exploitation films</a></li>

<li><a href="Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></li>

<li><a href="Peace_symbols" title="Peace symbols">Peace symbols</a></li>

<li><a href="Bell-bottoms" title="Bell-bottoms">Bell-bottoms</a></li>

<li><a href="Love_beads" title="Love beads">Love beads</a></li>

<li><a href="Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a>

<ul><li><a href="Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">communal living</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Free_party" title="Free party">Free festival</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_festival" title="Music festival">Music festival</a></li>

<li><a href="Flower_child" title="Flower child">Flower child</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk music</a></li>

<li><a href="Protest_song" title="Protest song">Protest song</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">Psychedelic music</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychedelic_folk" title="Psychedelic folk">Psychedelic folk</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychedelic_soul" title="Psychedelic soul">Psychedelic soul</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychedelic_pop" title="Psychedelic pop">Psychedelic pop</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychedelic_trance" title="Psychedelic trance">Psychedelic trance</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li>

<li><a href="World_music" title="World music">World music</a></li>

<li><a href="New-age_music" title="New-age music">New-age music</a></li>

<li><a href="Jam_band" title="Jam band">Jam bands</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_jam_band_music_festivals" title="List of jam band music festivals">List of jam band music festivals</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_historic_rock_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic rock festivals">List of historic rock festivals</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="Psychedelic_drug" title="Psychedelic drug">Psychedelics</a> and other drugs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">Cannabis</a></li>

<li><a href="Psilocybin_mushroom" title="Psilocybin mushroom">Psilocybin mushroom</a></li>

<li><a href="Mescaline" title="Mescaline">Mescaline</a></li>

<li><a href="Peyote" title="Peyote">Peyote</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Hippie related subcultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Deadhead" title="Deadhead">Deadhead</a></li>

<li><a href="Feral_(subculture)" title="Feral (subculture)">Feral</a></li>

<li><a href="Flower_child" title="Flower child">Flower child</a></li>

<li><a href="Freak_scene" title="Freak scene">Freak scene</a></li>

<li><a href="Housetrucker" title="Housetrucker">Housetrucker</a></li>

<li><a href="Jesus_freak" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus freak">Jesus freak</a></li>

<li><a href="Jipitecas" title="Jipitecas">Jipitecas</a></li>

<li><a href="Lebensreform" title="Lebensreform">Lebensreform</a></li>

<li><a href="M%C3%A1ni%C4%8Dka" title="Mánička">Mánička</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="New_Age_travellers" title="New Age travellers">New Age travellers</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Radical_Faeries" title="Radical Faeries">Radical Faeries</a></li>

<li><a href="UK_underground" title="UK underground">UK underground</a></li>

<li><a href="Woodstock_Nation" title="Woodstock Nation">Woodstock Nation</a></li>

<li><a href="Zippie" title="Zippie">Zippie</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_films_related_to_the_hippie_subculture" title="List of films related to the hippie subculture">List of films</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_books_and_publications_related_to_the_hippie_subculture" title="List of books and publications related to the hippie subculture">List of books and other publications</a></li>

<li><a href="Subculture" title="Subculture">Subculture</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cannabis_culture" title="Cannabis culture">Cannabis culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberdelic" title="Cyberdelic">Cyberdelic</a></li>

<li><a href="Underground_press" title="Underground press">Underground press</a>

<ul><li><a href="Underground_Press_Syndicate" title="Underground Press Syndicate">press syndicate</a></li>

<li><a href="Legend_of_the_Rainbow_Warriors" title="Legend of the Rainbow Warriors">Legend of the Rainbow Warriors</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_Speech_Movement" title="Free Speech Movement">Free Speech Movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">Anti-war movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">Protests of 1968</a></li>

<li><a href="Chicago_Seven" title="Chicago Seven">Chicago Seven</a></li>

<li><a href="New_social_movements" title="New social movements">New social movements</a></li>

<li><a href="Postmaterialism" title="Postmaterialism">Postmaterialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Neotribalism" title="Neotribalism">Neotribalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Hungry_generation" title="Hungry generation">Hungry generation</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Summer_of_Love" title="Second Summer of Love">Second Summer of Love</a></li>

<li><a href="Neo-psychedelia" title="Neo-psychedelia">Neo-psychedelia</a></li>

<li><a href="Baby_boomers" title="Baby boomers">Baby boomers</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-01" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Progressive_rock&oldid=1303617266">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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